# LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



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{ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 



THE 



VOTER'S HAND-BOOK; 



INCLUDING 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 



THE CHIEF JUSTICES, PRESIDENTS and VICE- 
PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED 
STATES. 






Eugene W. Chafin, LL. B., 



■X 



COUNSELOR-AT-LAW. 



WAUKESHA, WIS.: 

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 

I S76 . 







*«$ 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, 

By Eugene W. Chafin, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



PRINTED BY THE 



^entinel Company, 



MILWAUKEE. 



PREFACE 



MY purpose is to give a topical and tabular ar- 
rangement of the names of leading men in the 
various departments of our government, from its 
organization to the present time, and present them 
for the study of the young men of our times. The 
school-boy of to-day becomes the voter of to-morrow. 
The millions of young men in America are soon to 
decide all questions of national interest which con- 
cern us as a people. The design of this work is to 
contribute a more extended acquaintance with the 
fundamental principles of our government. You will 
find much matter compressed into a few pages, be- 
cause time is one's estate, and but few can spare time 
to peruse two or three volumes if they wish to know 
who a cabinet officer was under a previous adminis- 
tration. It is not a book to be read through and cast 
aside, but one for frequent reference. The best 
authorities have been consulted in regard to every 
fact herein contained, and so well authenticated that 
the author will present the first person finding a mis- 
take, with a copy of this book for each and every 
such mistake. For, in the language of Henry Clay, 
" I would rather be right than to be President." 

E. W. C. 

Waukesha, Wis., June, 1876. 



CONTENTS, 



Declaration of Independence, ...... 

Constitution of the United States, ..... 

United States Supreme Court, ...... 

Biographical Sketches of the Chief Justices of the United 

States : 

i. John Jay, ..... ... 

i. John Rutledge, 

3. Oliver Ellsworth, 

4. John Marshall, . ..... 

5. Roger Brooke Taney, ....... 

6. Salmon Portland Chase, ..... 

7. Morrison R. Waite, 

Successive Administrations, from 1798 to 1876, 

Duties of Cabinet Officers, ....... 

Speakers of the House of Representatives, 

The Electoral College, 

Biographical Sketches of the Presidents of the United States : 

1. George Washington, ....... 

2. John Adams, ...... 

3 Thomas Jefferson, . . 

4. James Madison, ....... 

5. James Monroe, • 

6. John Quincy Adams, ...... 



49 



5° 
5i 

52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
7i 
73 
75 

83 
85 
86 
88 
89 
90 



6 



CONTENTS. 



7. Andrew Jackson, ....... 91 

8. Martin Van Buren, ...... 93 

9. William Henry Harrison, . . . . -94 

10. John Tyler, ........ 95 

11. James Knox Polk, ....... 96 

12. Zachary Taylor, ....... 98 

13. Millard Fillmore, 99 

14. Franklin Pierce, . . . . . . 99 

15. James Buchanan, . . . . 101 

16. Abraham Lincoln, . .... 102 

17. Andrew Johnson, ....... 105 

18. Ulysses Simpson Grant, . . . . . 107 

General Remarks, 10S 

United States Army Organization, . . . . . no 

Diplomatic Officers of the United States, . . . .111 

Fortj'-Fourth Congress and Committees, ..■■'". . . 114 
State Governments, ........ 136 

Governments of the World, . . . . . . 138 

Biographical Sketches of the Vice-Presidents of the United 

States : 

1. John Adams, . . . .. . . -85 

2. Thomas Jefferson, ...... 86 

3. Aaron Burr, . . ...... 140 

4. George Clinton, . . . . . . . 141 

5. Elbridge Gerry, 142 

6. Daniel D. Tompkins, 142 

7. John Caldwell Calhoun, ...... 143 

8. Martin Van Buren, 93 

9. Richard Mentor Johnson, 144 

10. John Taylor, ........ 95 

11. George Mifflin Dallas, 145 



CONTENTS. 7 

12. Millard Fillmore, 99 

13. William Rums King, ...... 145 

14. John Cabell Breckinridge, ..... 147 

15. Hannibal Hamlin, . . . . . . 147 

16. Andrew Johnson, ....... 105 

17. Schuyler Colfax, 1.48 

18. Henry Wilson, 149 

Salaries, per Annum, 151 

Population of the Globe, 151 

Population of the United States, ..... 151 

Seven Largest Cities in the United States, . . . 152 

The Seven W T onders of the World, . . . . . 152 

Great Orators, 152 

Great Inventors, ......... 152 

Remarkable Events, Discoveries and Inventions, . . 153 



THE 



Voters Hand-Book. 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 



In Congress, Thursday, July 4, 1776. 

A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN CON- 
GRESS ASSEMBLED. 

WHEN, in the course of human events, it becomes 
necessary for one people to dissolve the politi- 
cal bands which have connected them with another, 
and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the 
separate and equal station to which the laws of nature 
and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to 
the opinions of mankind requires that they should 
declare the causes which impel them to the separation. 
We hold these truths to be self-evident : — That all 
men are created equal; that they are endowed by 
their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that 
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap- 
piness. That, to secure these rights, governments 

are instituted among men, deriving their just powers 
2 



IO THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 

from the consent of the governed ; that, whenever 
any form of government becomes destructive of these 
ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish 
it, and to institute a new' government, laying its foun- 
dation on such principles, and organizing its powers 
in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to 
effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, 
will dictate that governments long established should 
not be changed for light and transient causes; and 
accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind 
are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, 
than to right themselves-by abolishing the forms to 
which they are accustomed. But when a long train 
of , abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the 
same object, evinces a design to reduce them under 
absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to 
throw off such government, and to provide new 
guards for their future security; Such has been the 
patient sufferance of these Colonies ; and such is now 
the necessity which constrains them to alter their 
former systems of government. The history of the 
present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated 
injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object 
the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these 
States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a 
candid world. 

He has refused his assent to laws the most whole- 
some and necessary for the public good. 

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of 
immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended 
in their operation till his assent should be obtained; 



THE VOTER S HAND-BOOK. II 

and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to 
attend to them. 

He has refused to pass other laws for the accom- 
modation of large districts of people, unless those 
people would relinquish the right of representation in 
the legislature — a right inestimable to them, and 
formidable to tyrants only. 

He has called together legislative bodies at places 
unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depos- 
itory of their public records, for the sole purpose of 
fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly^ 
for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the 
rights of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such dissolu- 
tions, to cause others to be elected, whereby the 
legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have 
returned to the people at large, for their exercise, the 
State remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all the 
dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions 
within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of 
these States; for that purpose, obstructing the laws 
for naturalization of foreigners, refusing to pass others 
to encourage their migration hither, and raising the 
conditions of new appropriations of lands. 

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by 
refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary 
powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone 



12 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and 
payment of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and 
sent hither swarms of officers, to harass our people, 
and eat out their substance. 

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing 
armies, without the consent of our legislatures. 

He has affected to render the military independent 
of, and superior to, the civil power. 

He has combined with others to subject us to a 
jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unac- 
knowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their 
acts of pretended legislation, — 

For quartering large bodies of armed troops 
among us: 

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punish- 
ment for any murders which they should commit on 
the inhabitants of these States: 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the 
world: 

For imposing taxes on us without our consent: 

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of 
trial by jury: 

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for 
pretended offences: 

For abolishing the free system of English laws in 
a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbi- 
trary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so 
as to render it at once an example and fit instrument 
for introducing the same absolute rule into these 
Colonies: 



THE VOTER S HAND-BOOK. 1 3 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most 
valuable laws, and altering, fundamentally, the pow- 
ers of our governments: 

For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring 
themselves invested with power to legislate for us in 
all cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here, by declaring 
us out of his protection, and waging war against us. 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, 
burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our 
people. 

He is, at this time, transporting large armies of 
foreign mercenaries, to complete the works of death, 
desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circum- 
stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in 
the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the 
head of a civilized nation. 

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken cap- 
tive on the high seas, to bear arms against their 
country, to become the executioners of their friends 
and brethren, or to fall themselves bv their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, 
and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of 
our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose 
known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruc- 
tion of all ages, sexes, and conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions we have 
petitioned for redress in the most humble terms; our 
repeated petitions have been answered only by 
repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus 



14 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is 
unfit to be the ruler of a free people. 

Nor have we been wanting in attention to our 
British brethren. We have warned them from time 
to time, of attempts by their legislature to extend 
an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have 
reminded them of the circumstances of our emi- 
gration and settlement here. We have appealed to 
their native justice and magnanimity; and we have 
conjured them, by the ties of our common kindred, 
to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably 
interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, 
too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and of 
consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the 
necessity which denounces our separation, and hold 
them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in 
war, in peace friends. 

We, therefore, the Representatives of the United 
States of America, in General Congress assembled, 
appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the 
rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the; 
authority of the good people of these Colonies? 
solemnly publish and declare, That these United 
Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and 
independent States; that they are absolved from all 
allegiance to the British crown, and that all political 
connection between them and the state of Great 
Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and 
that, as free and independent States, they have full 
power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, 
establish commerce, and to do all other acts and 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



15 



things which independent states may of right do. 
And, for the support of this declaration, with a firm 
reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we 
mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, 
and our sacred honor. 

The foregoing Declaration was, by order of Con- 
gress, engrossed and signed by the folowing members: 
JOHN HANCOCK, President. 

Thomas Stone, 
Charles Carroll, 

Of Carrollton. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Josiah Bartlett, 
William Whipple, 
Matthew Thornton. 



NEW JERSEY. 

Richard Stockton, 
John Witherspoon, 
Francis Hopkinson, 
John Hart, 

Massachusetts BAY.Abraham Clark. 

Samuel Adams, 

John Adams, Pennsylvania. 

Robert Treat Paine, Robert Morris, 



Elbridge Gerry. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

Stephen Hopkins, 
William Ellery. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Roger Sherman, , 
Samuel Huntington 
William Williams, 
Oliver Wolcott 

NEW YORK. 

William Floyd, 
Phillip Livingston, 
Francis Lewis, 
Lewis Morris. 



Benjamin Rush, 
Benjamin Franklin, 
John Morton, 
George Clymer, 
James Smith, 
George Taylor, 
James Wilson, 
George Ross. 

DELAWARE. 

Caesar Rodue, 
George Read, 
Thomas M'Kean. 

MARYLAND. 

Samuel Chase, 
William Paca, 



VIRGINIA. 

George Wythe, 
Richard Henry Lee, 
Thomas Jefferson, 
Benjamin Harrison, 
Thomas Nelson, Jr., 
Francis Lightfoot Lee 
Carter Braxton. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

William Hooper, 
Joseph Hewes, 
John Penn. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Edward Rutledge, 
Thomas Hayward,Jr. 
Thomas Lynch, Jr. 
Arthur Middleton. 

GEORGIA. 

Button Gwinnett, 
Lyman Hall, 
George Walton. 



l6 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



SIGNING THE DECLARATION. 



SOME erroneous statements of the proceedings on 
the Declaration of Independence having got before 
the public, Mr. Samuel A. Wells asked explanation 
of Thomas Jefferson, which was given in a letter to 
him of May 12, 1819 : 

"I will now proceed to relate what passed in 
Congress on the adoption of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. Yourself, as well as others, appear em- 
barrassed by inconsistent accounts of the proceedings 
on that memorable occasion, and as those who have 
endeavored to restore the truth, have themselves 
committed some errors, I will give you some extracts 
from a written document on that subject; for the 
truth of which I pledge myself to heaven and earth; 
having, while the question of Independence was un- 
der consideration before Congress, taken written 
notes in my seat, of what was passing, and reduced 
them to form at the final conclusion. I have now 
before me that paper, from which the following are 
extracts: 'Friday, June 7, 1776. The delegates from 
Virginia moved, in obedience to instructions from 
their constituents, that the Congress should declare 
that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to 
be, free and independent States ; that they are absolved 
from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all 
political connection between them and the State, of 
Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 1 7 

that measures should be immediately taken for pro- 
curing the assistance of foreign powers, and a Con- 
federation be formed to bind the colonies more closely 
together. The House being obliged to attend at that 
time to some other business, the proposition was 
referred to the next day, when the members were 
ordered to attend punctually at ten o'clock Saturday, 
June 8th. They proceeded to take it into consider- 
ation, and referred it to a committee of the whole, 
into which they immediately resolved themselves, and 
passed that day in debating on the subject. 

" fc It appeared, in the course of these debates, that 
the colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylva- 
nia, Delaware, Maryland, and South Carolina, were 
not yet matured for falling from the parent stem, but 
that they were fast advancing to that state. It was 
thought most prudent to wait a while for them, and 
to postpone the final decision to July ist. But that 
this might occasion as little delay as possible, a com- 
mittee was appointed to prepare a Declaration of 
Independence. The committee were John Adams, 
Dr. Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert R. Livingston 
and myself. This was reported to the House on 
Friday, the 28th of June, w r hen it was read and 
ordered to lie on the table. On Monday, the ist of 
July, the House resolved itself into a committee of 
the whole, and resumed the consideration of the 
original motion made by the delegates of Virginia, 
which, being again debated through the day, was 
carried in the affirmative by the votes of New Hamp- 
shire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, 



l8 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia. 
South Carolina and Pennsylvania voted against it. 
Delaware had but two members present, and they 
were divided. The delegates from New York de- 
clared they were for it themselves, and were assured 
their constituents were for it; but that their instruc- 
tions having been drawn near a twelvemonth before, 
when reconciliation was still the general object, they 
/were enjoined by them to do nothing which should 
impede that object. They therefore thought them- 
selves not justified in voting on either side, and asked 
leave to withdraw from the question, which was given 
them. The committee rose and reported their reso- 
lution to the House. Mr. Rutledge, of South Caro- 
lina, then requested the determination might be put 
off to the next day, as he believed his colleagues, 
though they disapproved of the resolution, would then 
join in it for the sake of unanimity. The ultimate 
question, whether the House would agree to the reso- 
lution of the committee, was accordingly postponed 
to the next day, when it was again moved, and South 
Carolina concurred in voting for it. In the mean time 
a third member had come post from the Delaware 
counties, and turned the vote of that colony in favor 
of the resolution. Members of a different sentiment 
attending that morning from Pennsylvania also, her 
Vote was changed, so that the whole twelve colonies, 
who were authorized to vote at all, gave their votes 
for it; and within a few days (July 9th) the conven- 
tion of New York approved of it, and this supplied 
the void occasioned by the withdrawal of their dele- 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 19 

gates from the vote. (Be careful to observe that this 
vacillation and vote were on the original motion of 
the 7th of June, by the Virginia delegates, that Con- 
gress should declare the Colonies independent.) Con- 
gress proceeded the same day to consider the Declara- 
tion of Independence, which had been reported and 
laid on the table the Friday preceding, and on Mon- 
day referred to a committee of the whole. The 
pusillanimous idea, that we had friends in England 
worth keeping terms with, still haunted the minds of 
many. For this reason, those passages which con- 
veyed censure on the people were struck out, lest 
they should give them offense. The debates having 
taken the greater parts of the second, third and fourth 
days of July, were, in the evening of the last, closed; 
the Declaration was reported by the committee, agreed 
to by the House, and signed by every member pres- 
ent, except Mr. Dickinson.' So far my notes. 

"The subsequent signature of members who were 
not then present, and some of them not yet in office, 
is easily explained if we observe who they were; to 
wit, that they were of New York and Pennsylvania. 
New York did not sign till the 15th, because it was 
not till the 9th (five days after the general signature) 
that their Convention authorized them to do so. The 
Convention of Pennsylvania learning that it had been 
signed by a minority only of their delegates, named 
a new delegation on the 20th, leaving out Mr. Dick- 
inson, who had refused to sign, Willing and Hum- 
phreys who had withdrawn ; re-appointed the three 
members who had signed, Morris, who had not been 



20 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

present, and five new ones, to wit, Rush, Clymor, 
Smith, Taylor and Ross; Morris and the five new 
members were permitted to sign, because it manifested 
the assent of their full delegation, and the express will 
of their convention, which might have been doubted 
on the former signature of a minority only. Why 
the signature of Thornton, of New Hampshire, was 
permitted so late as the 4th of November, I cannot 
now say ; but undoubtedly for some particular reason, 
which we should find to have been good, had it been 
expressed. These were the only post-signers, and 
you see, sir, that there were valid reasons for receiv- 
ing those of New York and Pennsylvania, and that 
this circumstance in no wise affects the faith of this 
Declaratory Charter of our rights, and of the rights 
of men. 

"With a view to correct errors of fact before they 
become inveterate by repetition, I have stated what 
I find essentially material in my papers, but with a 
brevity which the labor of writing constrains me 
to use. Thomas Jefferson. 

"P.S. Since the date of this letter, I have received 
the new publication of the Secret Journals of Con- 
gress, wherein is stated a resolution of July 19, 1776, 
that the Declaration passed on the 4th, be fairly en- 
grossed on parchment, and when engrossed, be signed 
by every member: and another of August 2d, that 
being engrossed and compared at the table, it was 
signed by the members; that is to say, the copy en- 
grossed on parchment (for durability) was signed by 
the members, after being compared at the table with 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 21 

the original one, signed on paper as before stated. I 
add this P. S. to the copy of my letter, to prevent con- 
founding the signature of the original with that of the 
copy engrossed on parchment." T.J. 

Benjamin Harrison (President Harrison's father) 
was chairman of the committee of the whole when 
the Declaration of Independence was agreed to, July 
4, 1776. 

In looking at the signatures, but one of the resi- 
dences of the signers is attached to his name, and 
that is Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. It is said that 
one was looking over his shoulder when he wrote his 
name, and said to him: "There are several of your 
name, and if we are unsuccessful, they will not know 
whom to arrest." He immediately wrote "of Car- 
rollton." 

It was rather amusing after they had written their 
names to hear Benjamin Franklin say to Samuel 
Adams: "Now I think we will all hang together." 
"Yes," said Adams, "or we shall hang separately." 
The pen used by the signers is said to be in the 
Massachusetts Historical Society, at Boston. 

The signers all lived to a good old age. The 
average was over sixty-eight years. Fourteen lived 
to be over eighty, and four past ninety. The last 
survivor was Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, who died 
November 14, 1832, in the ninety-sixth year of his 
age. They all sleep in honored graves. 



22 THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



PREAMBLE. 

WE, the people of the United States, in order to 
form a more perfect union, establish justice, 
insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common 
defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the 
blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do 
ordain and establish this Constitution for the United 
States of America. 

ARTICLE I — Legislative Department. 

Section I — Congress in General. 

All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested 
in a Congress of the United States, which shall con- 
sist of a Senate and House of Representatives. 
Section II — House of Representatives. 

The House of Representatives shall be composed 
of members chosen every second year by the people 
of the several States; and the electors in each State 
shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of 
the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 

No person shall be a representative who shall not 
have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and 
been seven years a citizen of the United States, and 
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that 
State in which he shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct taxes shall be appor- 
tioned among the several States which may be 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 23 

included within this Union, according to their re- 
spective numbers, which shall be determined by 
adding to the -whole number of free persons, including 
those bound to service for a term of years, and ex- 
cluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other 
persons. The actual enumeration shall be made 
within three years after the first meeting of . the 
Congress of the United States, and within every 
subsequent term often years, in such manner as they 
shall by law direct. The number of representatives 
shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but 
each State shall have at least one representative; 
and until such enumeration shall be made, the State 
of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, 
Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence 
Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, 
New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, 
Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, 
South Caroliua five, and Georgia three. . 

When vacancies happen in the representation from 
any State, the executive authority thereof shall issue 
writs of election to fill such vacancies. 

The House of Representatives shall choose their 
speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole 
power of impeachment. 

Section III — Senate. 

The Senate of the United States shall be composed 
of two Senators from each State, chosen by the legis- 
lature thereof, for six years; and each senator shall 
have, one vote. 



24 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in con- 
sequence of the first election, they shall be divided 
as equally as may be into three classes. The seats 
of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at 
the expiration of the second year; of the second 
class, at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the 
third class, at the expiration of the sixth year; so 
that one third may be chosen every second year; 
and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise 
during the recess of the legislature of any state, the 
executive thereof may make temporary appointments 
until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall 
then fill such vacancies. 

No person shall be a senator who shall not have 
attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine 
years a citizen of the United States, and who shall 
not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for 
which he shall be chosen. 

The Vice-President of the United States shall be 
President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless 
they be equally divided. 

The Senate shall choose their other officers, and 
also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the 
Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office 
of President of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole power to try all 
impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they 
shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President 
of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall 
preside ; and no person shall be convicted without the 
concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 25 

Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend 
further than to removal from office, and disqualifica- 
tion to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or 
profit under the United States; but the party con- 
victed shall nevertheless be liable and subject to in- 
dictment, trial, judgment and punishment according 

to law. 

Section IV — Both Houses, 

The times, places and manner of holding elections 
for senators and representatives shall be prescribed 
in each state by the legislature thereof; but the Con- 
gress may at any time by law make or alter such 
regulations, except as to the places of choosing sen- 
ators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every 
year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday 
in December, unless they shall by law r appoint a 
different day. 

Section V — The Houses Separately. 

Each house shall be the judge of the elections, 
returns and qualifications of its own members, and a 
majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do 
business; but a smaller number may adjourn from 
day to day, and may be authorized to compel the 
attendance of absent members, in such manner and 
under such penalties as each house may provide. 

Each house may determine the rules of its pro- 
ceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, 
and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a 
member. 



26 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, 
and from time to time publish the same, excepting 
such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy, 
and the yeas and nays of the members of either 
house, on any question, shall, at the desire of one 
fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. 

Neither house, during the session of Congress, 
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for 
more than three days, nor to any other place than 
that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

Section VI — Privileges aiid Disabilities of Members. 

The Senators and Representatives shall receive a 
compensation for their services, to be ascertained by 
law, and paid out of the treasury of the United 
States. They shall, in all cases except treason, felony 
and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest 
during their attendance at the session of their respect- 
ive houses, and in going to and returning from the 
same; and for any speech or debate in either house, 
they shall not be questioned in any other place. 

No senator or representative shall, during the time 
for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil 
office under the authority of the United States, which 
shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof 
shall have been increased during such time; and no 
person holding any office under the United States 
shall be a member of either house during his contin- 
uance in office. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 27 

Section 7 — Mode of Passing Laws. 

All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the 
House of Representatives; but the Senate may pro- 
pose or concur with amendments as on other bills. 

Every bill which shall have passed the House of 
Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it be- 
come a law, be presented to the President of the 
United States. If he approve, he shall sign it, but if 
not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that 
house in which it shall have originated, who shall 
enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsidera- 
tion, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the 
bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to 
the other house, by which it shall likewise be recon- 
sidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, 
it shall become a law. But in all cases the votes of 
both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, 
and the names of the persons voting for and against 
the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house 
respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by 
the President w r ithin ten days (Sundays excepted) 
after it shall have been presented to him, the same 
shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, 
unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent 
its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 

Every order, resolution or vote to which the con- 
currence of the Senate and House of Representatives 
may be necessary (except on a question of adjourn- 
ment) shall be presented to the President of the 
United States; and before the same shall take effect, 



28 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by 
him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate 
and House of Representatives, according to the rules 
and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. 

Section VIII — Powers Granted to Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect 
taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts 
and provide for the common defense and general 
welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts 
and excises shall be uniform throughout the United 
States. 

To borrow money on the credit of the United 
States. 

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and 
among the several States, and with the Indian tribes ; 

To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and 
uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies through- 
out the United States ; 

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of 
foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and 
measures; 

To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting 
the securities and current coin of the United States; 

To establish post-offices and post roads; 

To promote the progress of science and useful arts, 
by securing for limited times to authors and inventors 
the exclusive right to their respective writings and 
discoveries; 

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme 
Court; 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 29 

To define and punish piracies and felonies commit- 
ted on the high seas, and offenses against the law of 
nations; 

To declare war, grant letters of marque and re- 
prisal, and make rules concerning captures on land 
and water; 

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation 
of money to that use shall be for a longer term than 
two years; 

To provide and maintain a navy; 

To make rules for the government and regulation 
of the land and naval forces: 

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute 
the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and 
repel invasions; 

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplin- 
ing the militia, and for governing such part of them 
as may be employed in the service of the United 
States, reserving to the States respectively, the ap- 
pointment of the officers, and the authority of train- 
ing the militia according to the discipline prescribed 
by Congress; 

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases what- 
soever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles 
square) as may, by cession of particular States, and 
the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of gov- 
ernment of the United States, and to exercise like 
authority over all places purchased by the consent of 
the legislature of the State in which the same shall 
be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock- 
yards, and other needful buildings; and 



30 THE VOTER S HAND-BOOK. 

To make all laws which shall be necessary and 
proper for carrying into execution the foregoing 
powers, and all other powers vested by this Consti- 
tution in the Government of the United States, or in 
any department or officer thereof. 

Section IX — Powers denied to the United States. 

The migration or importation of such persons as 
any of the States now existing shall think proper to 
admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior 
to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, 
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importa- 
tion, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 

The privilege of the writ of habeas corf us shall 
not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion 
or invasion the public safety may require it. 

No bill of attainder, or ex-fost-facto law, shall be 
passed. 

No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, 
unless in proportion to the census or enumeration 
hereinbefore directed to be taken. 

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported 
from any State. 

No preference shall be given by any regulation of 
commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over 
those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from 
one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in 
another. 

No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but 
in consequence of appropriations made by law; and 
a regular statement and account of the receipts and 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 3 1 

expenditures of all public money shall be published 
from time to time. 

No title of nobility shall be granted by the United 
States; and no person holding any office of profit or 
trust under them, shall, without the consent of the 
Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office 
or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, 
or foreign State. 

Section X — Powers denied to the States, 

No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance or 
confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; 
coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but 
gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; 
pass any bill of attainder, ex-fost-facto law, or law 
impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any 
title of nobility. 

No State shall, without the consent of the Con- 
gress, lay any imposts or duties on imports and ex- 
ports, except what may be absolutely necessary for 
executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of 
all duties and imposts, laid by an}' State on imports 
or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the 
United States; and all such laws shall be subject to 
the revision and control of the Congress. 

No State shall, without the consent of Congress, 
lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war 
in time of peace, enter into any agreement or com- 
pact with another State, or with a foreign power, or 
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such 
imminent danger as will not admit of delay. 



32 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

ARTICLE II — Executive Department. 

Section I — President and Vice-President. 

The executive power shall be vested in a President 
of the United States of America. He shall hold his 
office during the term of four years, and, together 
with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, 
be elected as follows: 

Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the 
Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, 
equal to the whole number of senators and represen- 
tatives to which the State may be entitled in the 
Congress; but no senator or representative, or per- 
son holding an office of trust or profit under the 
United States, shall be appointed an elector. 

[The electors shall meet in their respective States, 
and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at 
least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with 
themselves. And they shall make a list of all the 
persons voted for, and the number of votes for each; 
which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, 
sealed, to the seat of the government of the United 
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The 
President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives, open all the cer- 
tificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The 
person having the greatest number of votes shall be 
the President, if such number be a majority of the 
whole number of electors appointed; and if there be 
more than one who has such majority, and have an 
equal number of votes, then the House of Represen- 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 33 

tatives shall immediately choose, by ballot, one of 
them for President; and if no person have a majority 
then, from the five highest on the list, the said House 
shall in like manner choose the President. But in 
choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by 
States, the representation from each State having 
one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of 
a member, or members, from two thirds of the States, 
and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to 
a choice. In every case, after the choice of the Pres- 
ident, the person having the greatest number of votes 
of the electors shall be the Vice-President. But if 
there should remain two or more who have equal 
votes, the Senate shall choose from them, by ballot, 
the Vice-President.]** 

The Congress may determine the time of choosing 
the electors, and the day on which they shall give 
their votes, which day shall be the same throughout 
the United States. 

No person, except a natural-born citizen, or a 
citizen of the United States at the time of the adop- 
tion of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office 
of President; neither shall any person be eligible to 
that office who shall not have attained to the age of 
thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident 
within the United States. 

In case of the removal of the President from office 
or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge 
the powers and duties of the said office, the same 
shall devolve on the Vice-President; and the Con- 



* Altered by 12th Amendment. See page 44. 



34 THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 

gress may by law provide for the case of removal, 
death, resignation, or inability, both of the President 
and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then 
act as President ; and such officer shall act accordingly 
until the disability be removed or a President shall 
be elected. 

The President shall, at stated times, receive for his 
services a compensation, w r hich shall neither be in- 
creased nor diminished during the period for which 
he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive 
within that period any other emolument from the 
United States or any of them. 

Before he enter on the execution of his office, he 
shall take the following oath or affirmation: 

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faith- 
fully execute the office of President of the United 
States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, 
protect, and defend the Constitution of the United 
States." 

Section II — Powers of the President. 

The President shall be commander-in-chief of the 
army and navy of the United States, and of the 
militia of the several States, when called into the ac- 
tual service of the United States; he may require the 
opinion in writing of the principal officer in each of 
the executive departments, upon any subject relating 
to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall 
have power to grant reprieves and pardons for 
offences against the United States, except in cases of 
impeachment. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 35 

He shall have power, by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two 
thirds of the senators present concur ; and he shall nom- 
inate, and by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, shall appoint embassadors, other public min- 
isters and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and 
all other officers of the United States, whose appoint- 
ments are not herein otherwise provided for, and 
which shall be established by law; but the Congress 
may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior 
officers as they think proper in the President alone, 
in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 

The President shall have power to fill up all 
vacancies that may happen during the recess of the 
Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire 
at the end of their next session. 

Section III — Duties of the President. 

He shall from time to time give to the Congress in- 
formation of the state of the Union, and recommend to 
their consideration such measures as he shall judge 
necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary 
occasions, convene both Houses or either of them, 
and in case of disagreement between them, with re- 
spect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn 
them to such time as he shall think proper: he shall 
receive embassadors and other public ministers; he 
shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, 
and shall commission all of the officers of the United 
States. 



36 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

Section IV — Impeachment of the President. 

The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers 
of the United States, shall be removed from office on 
impeachment for, and conviction of treason, bribery,, 
or other high crimes and misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE III — Judicial Department. 

Section I — United States Courts. 

The judicial power of the United States shall be 
vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior 
courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain 
and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and 
inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good 
behavior, and shall at stated times receive for their 
services a compensation which shall not be diminished 
during their continuance in office. 

Section II — Jurisdiction of the United States Courts* 

The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law 
and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws 
of the United States, and treaties made or which 
shall be made, under their authority; to all cases 
affecting embassadors, other public ministers, and 
consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime juris- 
diction; to controversies to which the United States 
shall be a party; to controversies between two or 
more states; between a state and citizens of another 
state; between citizens of different states; between 
citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants 
of different states, and between a state or the citizens 
thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 37 

In all cases affecting embassadors, other public 
ministers and consuls, and those in which a state 
shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have orig- 
inal jurisdiction. In all the other cases before men- 
tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate juris- 
diction, both as to law and fact; with such excep- 
tions, and under such regulations, as the Congress 
shall make. 

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach- 
ment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in 
the state where the said crime shall have been com- 
mitted; but when not committed within any state, 
the trial shall be at such place or places as the Con- 
gress may by law have directed. 

Section III — Treason. 

Treason against the United States shall consist 
only in levying war against them, or in adhering to 
their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No 
person shall be convicted of treason unless on the 
testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or 
on confession in open court. 

The Congress shall have power to declare the 
punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason 
shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture except 
during the life of the person attainted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Section I — State Records. 
Full faith and credit shall be given in each state 
to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings 



38 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

of every other state; and the Congress may by gen- 
eral laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, 
records and proceedings shall be proved, and the 
effect thereof. 

Section II — Privileges of Citizens, Etc. 

The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all 
privileges and immunities of citizens in the several 
states. 

A person charged in any state with treason, felony 
or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be 
found in another state, shall, on demand of the exec- 
utive authority of the state from which he fled, be 
delivered up, to be removed to the state having juris- 
diction of the crime. 

No person held to service or labor in one state, 
under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, 
in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be 
discharged from such service or labor, but shall be 
delivered up on claim of the party to whom such 
service or labor may be due. 

Section III — New States and Territories. 

New states may be admitted bv the Congress into 
this Union; but no new state shall be formed or 
erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; 
nor any state be formed by the junction of two or 
more States, or parts of States, without the consent 
of the legislature of the States concerned as well as 
of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have power to dispose of and 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 39 

make all needful rules and regulations respecting the 
territory or other property belonging to the United 
States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so 
construed as to prejudice any claims of the United 
States, or of any particular State. 

Section IV — Guarantee to the States. 

The United States shall guarantee to every State 
in this Union a republican form of government, and 
shall protect each of them against invasion, and, on 
application of the legislature, or of the executive 
(when the legislature cannot be convened), against 
domestic violence. 

ARTICLE V — Power of Amendment. 

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both houses 
shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments 
to this Constitution, or, on the application of the 
legislature of two thirds of the several States, shall 
call a convention for proposing amendments, which 
in either case shall be valid to all intents and pur- 
poses, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by 
the legislatures of three fourths of the several states, 
or by conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one 
or the other mode of ratification may be proposed 
by the Congress; provided, that no amendment 
which may be made prior to the year one thousand, 
eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect 
the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the 
first article; and that no State, without its consent, 
shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. 



40 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

ARTICLE VI — Public Debt, Supremacy of 

the Constitution, Oath of Office, 

Religious Test. 

All debts contracted and engagements entered into, 
before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as 
valid against the United States under this Constitution, 
as under the confederation. 

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States 
which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all 
treaties made, or which shall be made, under the 
authority of the United States, shall be the supreme 
law ot the land; and the judges in every State shall 
be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or 
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before men- 
tioned, and the members of the several State legis- 
latures, and all executive and judicial officers, both 
of the United States and of the several States, shall 
be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this 
Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be re- 
quired as a qualification to any office or public trust 
under the United States. 

ARTICLE VII — Ratification of the 
Constitution. 

The ratification of the conventions of nine States 
shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Con- 
stitution between the States so ratifying the same. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



4 1 



Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the 
States present, the seventeenth day of September, 
in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hun- 
dred and eighty-seven, and of the independence 
of the United States of America the twelfth. In 
witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our 



names. 



Geo. Washington, 

President and Deputy from Virginia. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

John Langdon, 
Nicholas Gilman. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nathaniel Gorham, 
Rufus King. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Wm. Saml. Johnson, 
Roger Sherman, 

NEW YORK. 

Alexander Hamilton. 

NEW JERSEY. 

Wil. Livingston, 
David Brearly, 
Wm. Paterson, 
Jon a. Dayton. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Benjamin Franklin, 
Thomas Mifflin, 
Robert Morris, 
Geo. Clymer, 
Thomas Fitzsimons, 
Jared Ingersoll, 
James Wilson, 
Gouv. Morris. 

Attest : 



DELAWARE. 

Geo. Read, 
Gunning Bedford, Jr., 
John Dickinson, 
Richard Bassett, 
Jaco. Broom. 

MARYLAND. 

James McHenry, 

Dan. of St. Thomas Jenifer^ 

Danl. Carroll. 

VIRGINIA. 

John Blair, 
James Madison, Jr. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

Wm. Blount, 

Richard Dobbs Spaight, 

Hu. Williamson. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

John Rutledge, 
Ch's. Cotesworth Pinckney, 
Charles Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

GEORGIA. 

William Few, 
Abr. Baldwin. 
William Jackson, Secretary. 



42 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 



The first ten became a part o£ the Constitution in 
1791; the eleventh in 1798; the twelfth in 1804; the 
thirteenth in 1865; the fourteenth in 1868; and the 
fifteenth in 1870. 

ARTICLE I. — Freedom of Religion. 

Congress shall make no law respecting an estab- 
lishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise 
thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of 
the press; or the right of the people peaceably to 
assemble, and to petition the government for a redress 
of grievances. 

ARTICLE II. — Right to bear Arms. 

A well regulated militia being necessary to the 
security of a free State, the right of the people to 
keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

ARTICLE III. — Quartering Soldiers on 

Citizens. 

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in 

any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in 

time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by 

law. 

ARTICLE IV.— Search Warrant. 

The right of the people to be secure in their per- 
sons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreason- 
able searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and 



THE VOTER S HAND-BOOK. 43 



no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, 
supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly 
describing the place to be searched, and the persons 
or things to be seized. 

ARTICLE V— Trial for Crime, Etc. 

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or 
otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment 
or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising 
in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in 
actual service in time of war or public danger; nor 
shall any person be subject for the same offense to be 
twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be 
compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against 
himself nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law; nor shall private prop- 
erty be taken for public use, without just compensa- 
tion. 

ARTICLE VI.— Rights of Accused Persons. 

In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy 
the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial 
jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall 
have been committed, which district shall have been 
previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of 
the nature and cause of the accusation; to be con- 
fronted with the witnesses against him; to have com- 
pulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, 
and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence 

ARTICLE VII.— Suits at Common Law. 

In suits at common law, where the value in con- 
troversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of 



44 the voter's hand-book. 

trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by 
a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of 
the United States, than according to the rules of the 
common law. 

ARTICLE VIII.— Excessive Bail. 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive 
fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments 
inflicted. 

ARTICLE IX.— Construction. 

The enumeration in the Constitution of certain 
rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage 
others retained by the people. 

ARTICLE X.— Construction. 
The powers not granted to the United States by 
the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, 
are reserved to the States respectively? or to the 
people. 

ARTICLE XL— Construction. 

The judicial power of the United States shall not 
be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, 
commenced or prosecuted against one of the United 
States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or 
subjects of any foreign State. 

ARTICLE XIL— Mode of choosing the Presi- 
dent and Vice-President. 
The electors shall meet in their respective States 
and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, 
one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of 
the same State with themselves; they shall name in 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 45 

their ballots the person voted for as President, and in 
distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-Presi- 
dent, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons 
voted for as President, and of all persons voted for 
as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for 
each; which list they shall sign and certify, and trans- 
mit sealed to the seat of government of the United 
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The 
President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the 
Senate and House of Representatives, open all the 
certificates and the votes shall then be counted; the 
person having the greatest number of votes for Pre- 
sident shall be the President, if such number be a 
majority of the whole number of electors appointed; 
and if no person have such majority, then from the 
persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding 
three on the list of those voted for as President, the 
House of Representatives shall choose immediately, 
by ballot, the President. But in choosing the Presi- 
dent, the votes shall be taken by States, the repre- 
sentation from each State having one vote; a quorum 
for this purpose shall consist of a member or members 
from two thirds of the States, and a majority of all 
the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if 
the House of Representaties shall not choose a Pres- 
ident, whenever the right of choice shall devolve 
upon them, before the fourth day of March next 
following, then the Vice-President shall act as Presi- 
dent, as in the case of the death or other constitu- 
tional disability of the President. 

The person having the greatest number of votes 



46 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such 
number be a majority of the whole number of electors 
appointed, and if no person have a majority, then 
from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate 
shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the 
purpose shall consist of two thirds of the whole num- 
ber of senators, and a majority of the whole number 
shall be necessary to a choice. 

But no person constitutionally ineligible to the 
office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice- 
President of the United States. 

ARTICLE XIII— Slavery Abolished. 

Section i. Neither slavery nor involuntary servi- 
tude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the 
party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist with- 
in the United States, or any place subject to their 
jurisdiction. 

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce 
this article by appropriate legislation. 

ARTICLE XIV— Citizenship. 

Section i. . All persons born or naturalized in the 
United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, 
are citizens of the United States, and of the State 
wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce 
any law which shall abridge the privileges or immu- 
nities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any 
State deprive any person of life, liberty or property 
without due process of law, nor deny to any person 
within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 



the voter's hand-book. 47 

Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned 
among the several States, according to their respect- 
ive numbers, counting the whole number of persons 
in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But 
when the right to vote at any election for the choice 
of electors for President and Vice-President of the 
United States, Representatives in Congress, the 
executive and judicial officers of a State, or the mem- 
bers of the Legislatures thereof, is denied to any of 
the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one 
years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in 
any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion 
or other crime, the basis of representation therein 
shall be reduced in the proportion which the number 
of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number 
of male citizens tw T enty-one years of age in such 
State. 

Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Rep- 
resentative in Congress, or elector of President and 
Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, 
under the United States, or under any State, who, 
having previously taken an oath as a member of 
Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a 
member of any State Legislature, or as an executive 
or judicial officer of any State, to support the Consti- 
tution of the United States, shall have engaged in 
insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given 
aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; but Congress 
may, by a vote of two thirds of each House, remove 
such disability. 

Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the 



48 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

United States, authorized by law, including debts 
incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for 
services in suppressing the insurrection or rebellion, 
shall not be questioned. But neither the United 
States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or 
obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion 
against the United States, or any claim for the loss 
or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, 
obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. 
Section 5. The Congress shall have power to 
enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of 
this article. 

ARTICLE XV— Suffrage. 

Section i. The right of the citizens of the United 
States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the 
United States, or by any State, on account of race, 
color, or previous condition of servitude. 

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to 
enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of 
this article. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



49 



UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT 



Allotment, etc., of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United 
States, as made January 15, 1869, under the Acts of Con- 
gress of July 23, 1866, and March 2, 1857. 



Name of Judge, and 
State whence Com- 
ing. 



Number and Territory I Date and Author or 
or the Circuit. i Judge's Commission. 



CHIEF JUSTICE. 

Hon. Morrison R.Waite 
Ohio. 

ASSOCIATES. 

Hon. Ward Hunt, 

New York. 

Hon. William Strong, 
Pennsylvania. 

Hon. Nathan Clifford, 
Maine. 



Hon. Jos. P. Bradley, 

New Jersey. 



Hon. Noah H. Swayne, 
Ohio. 

Hon. Samuel F. Miller, 
Iowa. 



Hon. David Davis, 
Illinois. 

Hon. Stephen J. Field. 
California. 



FOURTH. 

Maryland. W. Virginia, 
Virginia, North Caro- 
lina and S. Carolina. 

SECOND. 

New York. Vermont and 
Connecticut. 

THIRD. 

Pennsylvania. N.Jersey 
and Delaware. 

FIRST. 

Maine, New Hampshire, 
Massachusetts and 
Rhodelsland. 

FIFTH. 

Georgia. Florida. Ala- 
bama, Mississippi. Lou- 
isiana and Texas. 

SIXTH. 

Ohio, Michigan, Ken- 
tucky and Tennessee. 

EIGHTH. 

Minnesota. Iowa. Mis- ! 
souri. Kansas and Ar- 1 



SEVENTH. 

Indiana, Illinois and 
Wisconsin. 

NINTH. 

California, Oregon, and 
Nevada. 



1874. 

January 17th. 
President Grant. 



1872. 

December 5th. 
President Grant. 

1870. 

March 14th. 
President Grant. 

1858. 

January 12th. 
President Buchanan. 



1870. 

March 23d. 
President Grant. 

1862. 

January 24th. 
President Lincoln. 

1862. 

July 16th. 
President Lincoln. 



December 8th. 
President Lincoln. 

1863. 

March 10th. 
President Lincoln. 



Clerk— Daniel Wesley Middleton. of Washington, D. C. 
Marshal— John G. Nicolay. 
Reporter— William T. Otto. 



50 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 



Chief Justices of the United States. 



JOHN JAY, 

First Chief Justice, was born in the city of New 
York, December 12, 1745. He graduated at King's 
College, May 15, 1764, with the highest collegiate 
honors. He then entered the law office of Benjamin 
Kissam, and soon acquired an eminent position at the 
New York bar. He took his seat in the Continental 
Congress which met at Philadelphia September 5, 
1774. While yet a delegate in Congress, Mr. Jay 
had been elected, in April, 1776, to the New York 
Convention, and took his seat in that body, thus de- 
priving him of the honor of affixing his signature to 
the great Declaration of Independence. In 1777 he 
was a member of the convention which framed the 
state constitution, and it was mainly his work. He 
was then appointed first Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of his state. In 1778 he was elected to Con- 
gress, was chosen president of that body, and soon 
after resigned his judicial office. In 1779 he accepted 
the Spanish mission, and in 1782 was transferred to 
Paris. He returned to New York in July, 1784, and 
was appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs, which 
office he held until September 24, 1789, when he was 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 51 

appointed, by President Washington, Chief Justice 
of the United States. In 1794 ^ e was appointed 
Minister to England, and soon after resigned his 
judicial office. He was elected Governor of New 
York in 1795, and returned to America. He was 
reelected in 1798, and before the close of his term in 
1801 he was appointed and confirmed to his old office 
of Chief Justice of the United States, but declined to 
act. At the close of his gubernatorial term he retired 
to his home at Bedford, N. Y., and died May 17, 1829. 



JOHN RUTLEDGE, 

Second Chief Justice, was born in Charleston, South 
Carolina, in 1739. He was educated and studied 
law in London, returned to Charleston in 1761, and 
commenced practice. He was a member of the 
Stamp- Act Congress at New York in 1765, and of 
the Continental Congress at Philadelphia in 1774. 
In 1776, in the convention of South Carolina, he was 
chairman of the committee which prepared the con- 
stitution, and was elected president of the new gov- 
ernment. In 1779 he was chosen governor of the 
state, and in 1782 he was again elected to Congress. 
In 1784 he was chosen chancellor of the state, and in 
1787 was a member of the convention for framing the 
federal constitution. September 26, 1789, he was 
appointed an Associate Justice of the United States 
Supreme Court, and in 1791 elected Chief Justice of 



52 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

South Carolina. He was appointed Chief Justice of 
the United States July 1, 1795, during the recess 
of Congress, presided over the Supreme Court one 
term, and was rejected by the Senate December 10, 
1795. He died July 20, 1800. 



OLIVER ELLSWORTH, 

Third Chief Justice, was born in Windsor, Conn., 
April 29, 1745. He graduated at Princeton College 
in 1766, and soon commenced the practice of law. 
In 1777 he was elected to the Continental Congress, 
and was a member of the Council of Connecticut 
from 1780 to 1784, when he was appointed a judge 
of the Superior Court. In 1787 he was a member 
of the convention which framed the federal constitu- 
tion; but for some reason, unknown to the author, 
his name does not appear as signer of that glorious 
instrument. He was a member of the United States 
Senate from 1789 to 1796, when he was appointed by 
President Washington Chief Justice of the United 
States. In 1799 he was appointed by President 
Adams envoy extraordinary to Paris, and, owing to 
his health, he resigned his office of Chief Justice in 
1800. On returning to Connecticut, he was elected 
a member of the council; and in 1807 was appointed 
Chief Justice of the state, but declined to act. He 
died November 26, 1807. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 53 

JOHN MARSHALL, 

Fourth Chief Justice, was born in Fauquier county, 
Virginia, September 24, 1755. At the age of four- 
teen he was sent to school at Westmoreland. He 
commenced the study of law in 1773, and in 1775 
joined a military company. In 1777 he was pro- 
moted to a captaincy, and took part in the battles of 
Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth. At the 
close of the w r ar he began practice as an attorney, 
was a member of the House of Delegates in 1782, 
and the same year was appointed one of the Council 
of the state. In 1783 he resigned his seat in the 
Executive Council, and removed to Richmond. He 
was elected a member of the house, and in 1787 
he sat in the same body as a representative from the 
county of Henrico. In June, 1788, he was a mem- 
ber of the Virginia Convention which adopted the 
Federal Constitution. He was a member of the Vir- 
ginia Assembly in 1789-90-91. From 1792 to 1795 
he devoted himself exclusively to his practice, and 
the latter year he was again elected to the House of 
Delegates. In 1796, President Washington offered 
Marshall the position of Attorney-General, and also 
the appointment of Minister to France, both of which 
he declined, as interfering with his practice at the 
bar. However, in 1797, President Adams appointed 
him envoy extraordinary to Paris, and he accepted* 



54 the voter's hand-book. 

In 1799 h e was e ^ ec ^d a Representative in Congress, 
and in 1800 was appointed by President Adams to 
the position of Secretary of State. January 31, 1801, 
he was appointed Chief Justice of the United States, 
and acted in both capacities until March 4. He con- 
tinued to hold this high and honorable position till 
his death, July 6, 1835. 



ROGER BROOKE TANEY, 

Fifth Chief Justice, was born in Calvert county, Ma- 
ryland, March 17, 1777. He graduated at Dickinson 
College, Pennsylvania, in 1795. He commenced the 
study of the law in the spring of the following year 
at Annapolis, in the office of J. T. Chase. In the 
spring of 1799 he was admitted to the bar, and in the 
autumn of the same year was elected to the General 
Assembly of Maryland. He declined a reelection, 
and removed to Fredericktown and resumed the 
practice of his profession. In 1816 he was elected 
to the Maryland Senate, and served one term — five 
years. In 1823 he removed to the city of Baltimore. 
He was appointed Attorney-General of Maryland in 
1827, which office he held until June 1831, when he 
resigned it upon receiving the appointment of Attor- 
ney-General of the United States. On being ap- 
pointed Secretary of the Treasury, September 23, 
1833, he resigned the former office. His nomination 
% was not sent to the Senate for confirmation until the 
23d of the following June, and the next day he was 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 55 

rejected. On the 28th of December, 1835, President 
Jackson sent to the Senate the name of Roger Brooke 
Taney, for the office of Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the United States. The nomination was 
not acted upon until the 15th of March, 1836, when 
it was confirmed by a majority of fourteen votes, and 
he took his seat in April; the Supreme Court being 
left without a Chief Justice during its session in the 
winter of 1835-36. He held the office till his death, 
October 12, 1864. 



SALMON PORTLAND CHASE, 

Sixth Chief Justice, was born in Cornish, New 
Hampshire, January 13, 1808. He graduated at 
Dartmouth College in 1826, and in 1829 was admit- 
ted to the bar of the District of Columbia, for which 
he had qualified himself while teaching. In 1830 he 
removed to Cincinnati and began the practice of his 
profession. In 1848 Mr. Chase presided over the 
Buffalo convention, which nominated Martin Van 
Buren for President, and Charles Francis Adams for 
Vice-President. February 22, 1849, he was elected 
United States Senator for six years from the 4th of 
March. In 1855 he was elected Governor of Ohio, 
and reelected in 1857. He was a candidate for the 
presidency at the Republican convention at Chicago 
in i860, and received 49 votes on the first ballot. 
March 5, 1861, President Lincoln appointed him 



56 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

Secretary of the Treasury, which position he held 
till July 30, 1864, when he resigned. He was ap- 
pointed Chief Justice of the United States December 
6, 1864, and held the office till his death, May 7, 1873. 



MORRISON R. WAITE 



Seventh Chief Justice, was born in Lyme, Connecti- 
cut, November 29, 1816. He graduated at- Yale 
College in 1835, and studied law with his father. In 
1849 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature. He 
repeatedly refused to accept a nomination to Congress, 
and declined a seat upon the bench of the Ohio Su- 
preme Court. In 1871 he was one of the counsel 
of the United States at the tribunal of arbitration at 
Geneva; and in 1873 was elected to the Constitu- 
tional Convention of Ohio, and was chosen to pre- 
side over that body. January 17, 1874, President 
Grant appointed him Chief Justice of the Supreme 
Court of the United States, which office he holds at 
the present time. 



57 



SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS. 

FROM 1789 TO 1876. 



Washington's Administration — 1789 to 1797 

♦president: 

George Washington, Virginia, . . April 30, 1789 

tVICE-PRESIDENT: 

John Adams, Massachusetts, . . April 21, 1789 

^SECRETARIES OF STATE: 

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, . . Sept. 26, 1789 

Edmund Randolph, Virginia, . . Jan. 2, 1794 

Timothy Pickering, Massachusetts, . Dec. 16, 1795 

♦SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY: 

Alexander Hamilton, New York, . Sept. 11, 1789 

Oliver Wolcott, Connecticut, . . Feb. 3, 1795 

♦SECRETARIES OF WAR: 

Henry Knox, Massachusetts, . . Sept. 12, 1789 

Timothy Pickering, Massachusetts, . Jan. 2, 1795 

James McHenry, Maryland, . ~" . Jan. 27, 1796, 

t ATTORN E YS-GENERAL : 

Edmund Randolph, Virginia, . . Sept. 26, 1789 

William Bradford, Pennsylvania, . Jan. 28, 1794 

Charles Lee, Virginia, . . . Dec 10, 1795 

^POSTMASTERS-GENERAL : 

Samuel Osgood, Massachusetts, . . Sept. 26, 1789 

Timothy Pickering, Massachusetts, . Nov. 7, 1794 

Jacob Habersham, Georgia, . . Feb. 25, 1795 

♦Seepage 71. 

tSee Art. I, Sec. Ill, Clause IV, Constitution. 

JSee page 72. 
5 



58 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

J. Adams' Administration — 1797 to 1801. 

PRESIDENT: 

John Adams, Massachusetts, . . March 4, 1797 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, . . March 4, 1797 

SECRETARIES OF STATE: 

Timothy Pickering, Massachusetts, . March, 1797 
John Marshall, Virginia, . . May 13, 1800 

SECRETARIES OP THE TREASURY: 

Oliver Wolcott, Connecticut, . . March, 1797 
Samuel Dexter, Massachusetts, . Dec. 31, 1800 

SECRETARIES OF WAR: 

James McHenry, Maryland, . . March, 1797 

Samuel Dexter, Massachusetts, .. May 13, 1800 

Roger Griswold, Connecticut, . . Feb. 3, 1801 

^SECRETARY OF THE NAVY: 

Benjamin Stoddart, Maryland, . May 21, 1798 

ATTORNE Y-GENERAL : 

Charles Lee, Virginia, . . . March, 1797 

POSTMASTER-GENERAL : 

Jacob Habersham, Georgia, . March, 1797 



Jefferson's Administration— 1801 to 1809. 

president: 
Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, . . . March 4, 1801. 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

Aaron Burr, New York, . • March 4, 1801. 

George Clinton, New York, . . March 4, 1805. 

SECRETARY OF STATE: 

James Madison, Virginia, . . • March 5, 1801. 
♦See page 71. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



59 



SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY: 

Samuel Dexter, Massachusetts, . . March, 1801. 

Albert Gallatin, Pennsylvania, . Jan. 26, 1802 

SECRETARY OF WAR: 

Henry Dearborn, Massachusetts, . . March 4, 1801. 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY: 



Benjamin Stoddart, Maryland, 
Robert Smith, Maryland, 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL : 

Levi Lincoln, Massachusetts, 
Robert Smith, Maryland, 
John Breckenridge, Kentucky, 
Caesar A. Rodney, Pennsylvania, 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL : 

Jacob Habersham, Georgia, 
Gideon Granger, Connecticut, . 



March, 1801. 
Jan. 20, 1802. 

March 5, 1801. 
March 2, 1805. 

Dec. 25, 1805. 

Jan. 20, 1807. 

March, 1801. 
Jan. 26, 1802. 



Madison's Administration — 1809 to 181 7. 
president: 
James Madison, Virginia, 

VICE-PRESIDENTS: 

George Clinton, New York, 
Elbridge Gerry, Massachusetts, 



March 4, 1809. 

March 4, 1809. 
March 4, 1813. 



Ex officio, as Presidents pro tern, of Senate: 



William Harris Crawford, Georgia, 
John Gaillard, South Carolina, 

SECRETARIES OF STATE 

Robert Smith, Maryland, 
James Monroe, Virginia, 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY: 

Albert Gallatin, Pennsylvania, . . March, 1809. 
George W. Campbell, Tennessee, . Feb. 9, 18 14. 

Alexander James Dallas, Pennsylvania, Oct. 6, 1814. 



March, 181 2. 
April, 1814. 

March 6, 1809. 
Nov. 25, 181 1. 



6o 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



SECRETARIES OF WAR: 

William Eustis, Massachusetts, 
John Armstrong, New York, 
James Monroe, Virginia, 
William Harris Crawford, Georgia, . 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY 

Paul Hamilton, South Carolina, . 
William Jones, Pennsylvania, 
Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Mass., 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL : 

Caesar A. Rodney, Pennsylvania, 
William Pinkney, Maryland, . 
Richard Rusk, Pennsylvania, 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL: 

Gideon Granger, Connecticut, 
Return J. Meigs, Ohio, 



March 7, 1809* 

Jan. 19, 1813. 

Sept. 26, 1814. 

March 2, 1815. 

March 7, 1809. 
Jan. 12, 1813. 
Dec. 17, 1814. 

March, 1809. 
Dec. 11, 1811. 
Feb. 10, 1814. 

March, 1809. 
March 17, 1814. 



Monroe's Administration — 1817 to 1825. 

PRESIDENT: 

James Monroe, Virginia, . . March 4, 1817. 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

Daniel D. Tompkins, New York, . March 4, 181 7. 

SECRETARY OF STATE : 

John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, March 5, 18 17* 

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY: 

William Harris Crawford, Georgia, March 5, 1817. 

SECRETARY OF WAR: 

Isaac Shelby, Kentucky, . . March 5, 1817. 

John Caldwell Calhoun, South Carolina, Dec. 16, 1817. 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY: 

Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Massachusetts, March, 1817. 
Smith Thompson, New York, . Nov. 30, 1818. 

Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey, . Dec. c\ 1823. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 6 1 
ATTORNE YS- GENE RAL : 

Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, . . March, 1817. 

William Wirt, Virginia, . . . Dec. 15, 1817. 

POSTMASTERS GENERAL: 

Return J. Meigs, Ohio, . . . March, 1817. 

John McLean, Ohio, .... Dec. 9, 1823. 



J. Q. Adams' Administration — 1825 to 1829. 

PRESIDENT: 

John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, . March 4, 1825. 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

John Caldwell Calhoun, South Carolina, March 4, 1825. 

SECRETARY OF STATE: 

Henry Clay, Kentucky, . . . March 8, 1825. 

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY: 

Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, . . March 7, 1825. 

SECRETARIES OF WAR: 

James Barbour, Virginia, . . March 7, 1825. 

Peter D. Porter, New York, . . May 26, 1828. 

SECRETARY OF THE NAVY: 

Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey, . March, 1825. 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL : 

William Wirt, Virginia, . . March, 1825. 

POSTMASTER-GENERAL : 

John McLean, Ohio, . . . March, 1825. 



Jackson's Administration — 1829 to 1837. 

PRESIDENT: 

Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, . . March 4, 1829. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS: 

John Caldwell Calhoun, South Carolina, March 4, 1829. 
Martin Van Buren, New York, . . March 4, 1833. 



62 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



Ex officio, as Presidents pro tern, of Senate: 



Littleton W. Tazewell, Virginia 
Hugh L. White, Tennessee, 

SECRETARIES OF STATE: 

Martin Van Buren, New York, . 
Edward Livingston, Louisiana, 
Louis McLane, Delaware, . 
John Forsyth, Georgia, . . 



July, 1832. 
Dec. 1832. 

March 6, 1829. 
May 24, 1 83 1. 
May 29, 1833. 
June 27, 1834. 



SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY: 



Samuel D. Ingham, Pennsylvania, 
Louis McLane, Delaware, 
William J. Duane, Pennsylvania, 
*Roger Brooke Taney, Maryland, 
Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire, 

SECRETARIES OF WAR 

John H. Eaton, Tennessee, . 
Lewis Cass, Ohio, . 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY: 

John Branch, North Carolina, 

Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire, . 

Mahlon Dickinson, N. J., 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL : 

John M. Berrien, Georgia, . 
Roger Brooke Taney, Maryland, 
Benjamin F. Butler, New York, 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL : 

William T. Barry, Kentucky, 
Amos Kendall, Kentucky, 

*Rejected by the Senate. 



March 6, 1829. 
Aug. 8, 1 83 1. 
May 29, 1833. 
Sept. 23, 1833. 
June 27, 1834. 

March 9, 1829. 
Aug. 1, 1831. 

March 9, 1829. 
May 23, 1831. 
June 30, 1834. 

March 19, 1829. 
Dec. 27, 1831. 
June 24, 1834. 

March 9, 1829. 
May 1, 1835. 



the voter's hand-book. 63 

Van Buren's Administration — 1837 to 1841. 

PRESIDENT: 

Martin Van Buren, New York, . . March 4, 1837 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

Richard Mentor Johnson, Kentucky, . March 4, 1837 

SECRETARY OF STATE: 

John Forsyth, Georgia, . . . March, 1837 

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY: 

Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire, . March, 1837 

SECRETARY OF WAR: 

Joel R. Poinsett, South Carolina, . March 7, 1837 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY: 

Mahlon Dickinson, New Jersey, . March, 1837 

James K. Paulding, New York, . June 20. 1838 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL : 

Benjamin F. Butler, New York, . March, 1837 

Felix Grundy, Tennessee, . . Sept. 1, 1838 

Henry D. Gilpin, Pennsylvania, . . Jan. 10, 1840 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL : 

Amos Kendall, Kentucky, . . . March, 1837 

John M. Niles, Connecticut, . . May 25, 1840 



Harrison and Tyler's Administration — 
1841 to 1845. 

president: 
William Henry Harrison, Ohio, . March 4, 1841. 

John Tyler, Virginia, .... April 6, 1841. 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

John Tyler, Virginia, . . . March 4, 1841. 

£x officio, as Presidents fro tem. of Senate: 
Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey, . March, 1841. 

Willie P. Mangum, North Carolina, . May, 1842. 



64 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

SECRETARIES OF STATE: 

Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, . March 5, 
Hugh S. Legare, South Carolina, . May 9, 

Abel P. Upsher, Virginia, . . June 24, 

John Caldwell Calhoun, South Carolina, March 6, 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY: 

Thomas Ewing, Ohio, . . . March 5, 

Walter Forward, Pennsylvania, . Sept. 13, 

Geo. M. Bibb, . . - . . June 15, 

SECRETARIES OF WAR: 

John Bell, Tennessee, . . . March 5, 

John C. Spencer, New r York, . . Oct. 12, 

James M. Porter, Pennsylvania, . March 8, 

William Wilkins, Pennsylvania, . . Feb. 15, 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY: 

George E. Badger, North Carolina, . March 5, 

Abel P. Upsher, Virginia, . . Sept. 13, 

David Henshaw, Massachusetts, . July 24, 

Thomas W. Gilmer, Virginia, . Feb. 15, 

John Y. Mason, Virginia, . . March 14, 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL: 

John J. Crittenden, Kentucky, . March 5, 

Hugh S. Legare, South Carolina, . Sept. 13, 

John Nelson, Maryland, . . . Jan. 2, 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL: 

Francis Granger, New York, . . March 6, 
Charles A. Wickliffe, Kentucky, . Sept. 13, 



Polk's Administration — 1845 to 1849. 

president: 

James Knox Polk, Tennessee, . March 4, 1845. 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

George Mifflin Dallas, Pennsylvania, March 4, 1845. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 65 

SECRETARY OF STATE: 

James Buchanan, Pennsylvania, . March 5, 1845. 

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY: 

Robert J. Walker, Mississippi, . March 5, 1845. 

SECRETARY OF WAR: 

William L* Marcy, New York, . March 55 1845. 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY: 

George Bancroft, Massachusetts, . March 10, 1845. 
John Y. Mason, Virginia, . . Sept. 9, 1846. 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL : 

John Y. Mason, Virginia, . . March 5, 1845. 

Nathan Clifford, Maine, . . . Dec. 23, 1846. 

Isaac Toucey, Connecticut, . . . June 21, 1848. 

POSTMASTER-GENERAL : 

Cave Johnson, Tennessee, . . March 5, 1845. 



Taylor and Fillmore's Administration — 

1849 to 1853. 

presidents: 
Zachary Taylor, Louisiana, . . March 5, 1849. 

Millard Fillmore, New York, . JTuly 10, 1850. 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

Millard Fillmore, New York, . . March 5, 1849. 

JSx officio, as Presidents pro tern, of Senate: 
William R. King, Alabama, . . July, 1850. 

David R. Atchison, Missouri, . Dec, 1852. 

SECRETARIES OF STATE: 

John M. Clayton, Delaware, . . March 7, 1849. 

Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, . July 20, 1850. 

Edward Everett, Massachusetts, . . Dec. 9, 1852. 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY: 

William M. Meredith, Pennsylvania, . March 7, 1849. 
Thomas Corwin, Ohio, . . . July 20, 1850. 



66 the voter's hand-book. 

SECKETAEIES OF WAR: 

George W. Crawford, Georgia, . . March 7, 1849. 
Charles M. Conrad, Louisiana, . Aug. 15, 1850- 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY: 

William B. Preston, Virginia, . . March 7, 1849. 
William A. Graham, North Carolina, July 30, 1850. 

John P. Kennedy, Maryland, . . July 22, 1852. 

*SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR: 

Thomas Ewing, Ohio, . . . March 7, 1849. 

Alexander H. H. Stuart, Virginia, . Sept. 12, 1850. 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL : 

Reverdy Johnson, Maryland, . . March 7, 1849. 
John J. Crittenden, Kentucky, . . July 20, 1850^ 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL : 

Jacob Callamer, Vermont, . . . March 7, 1849. 
Nathan K. Hall, New York, . .. July 20, 1850. 

Samuel D. Hubbard, Connecticut, . Aug. 31, 1852. 



Pierce's Administration — 1853 to 1857. 

president: 

Franklin Pierce, New Hampshire, . March 4, 1853. 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

William Rufus King, Alabama, . . March 4, 1853- 

Ex officio, as Presidents pro tern- of Senate: 
David R. Atchison, Missouri, . Dec, 1852. 

Jesse D. Bright, Indiana, . . . June, 1856. 

SECRETARY OP STATE: 

William L. Marcy, New York, . March 7, 1853. 

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY: 

James Guthrie, Kentucky, . . . March 7, 1853* 

SECRETARY OF WAR: 

Jefferson Davis, Mississippi, . . March 5, 1853- 

*See page 72. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 67 

SECRETARY OF THE NAVY: 

James C Dobbin, North Carolina, . March 7, 1853. 

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR: 

Robert McClelland, Michigan, . . March 7, 1853. 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL : 

Caleb Cushing, Massachusetts, . . March 7, 1853. 

POSTMASTER-GENERAL : 

James Campbell, Pennsylvania, . . March 5, 1853. 



Buchanan's Administration — 1857 to 1861. 

PRESIDENT: 

James Buchanan, Pennsylvania, . March 4, 1857 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

John Cabell Breckenridge, Kentucky, March 4, 1857 

SECRETARIES OF STATE: 

Lewis Cass, Michigan, . . . March 6, 1857 
Jeremiah S. Black, Pennsylvania, . Dec. 17, i860 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY: 

Howell Cobb, Georgia, . . . March 5, 1857 
Philip F. Thomas, Maryland, . . Dec. 12, i860, 

John Adams Dix, New York, . . Jan. 11, 1861 

SECRETARIES OF WAR: 

John B. Floyd, Virginia, . . March 6, 1867 

Joseph Holt, Kentucky, . . . Jan. 18, i860 

SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY: 

Isaac Toucey, Connecticut, . . March 6, 1857 
Jacob Thompson, Mississippi . . March, 1857 

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR: 

Jacob Thompson, Mississippi, . March 6, 1857 

ATTORNEYS-GENERAL : 

Jeremiah S. Black, Pennsylvania, . March, 1857 

Edwin McMasters Stanton, Pennsylvania, Dec, i860 



68 



POSTMASTERS-GENERAL : 

Aaron V. Brown, Tennessee, . . March 6, 1857. 
Joseph Holt, Kentucky, . . March 14, 1859. 



Lincoln and Johnson's Administration — 
1861 to 1869. 

PRESIDENTS: 

Abraham Lincoln, Illinois, . . March 4, 1861. 
Andrew Johnson, Tennessee, . . April 15, 1865. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS: 

Hannibal Hamlin, Maine, . . March 4, 1861. 

Andrew Johnson, Tennessee, , . March 4, 1865. 

Mx officio, as Presidents fro tern, of Senate: 
Lafayette S. Foster,' Connecticut, . March, 1865. 

Benjamin Franklin Wade, Ohio, . March s 1867. 

SECRETARY OF STATE: 

William Henry Seward, New York, March 5, 1861. 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY: 

Salmon Portland Chase, Ohio, . March 5, 1861. 

William Pitt Fessenden, Maine, . July 1, 1864. 

Hugh McCulloch, Indiana, . . March 7, 1865. 

SECRETARIES OF WAR: 

Simon Cameron, Pennsylvania, . March 5, 1861. 

Edwin McMasters Stanton, Pennsylvania, March, 1862. 
John M. Schofleld, Missouri, . . May 29, 1868. 

SECRETARY OF THE NAVY: 

Gideon Welles, Connecticut, . . March 5, 1861. 

SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR: 

Caleb B. Smith, Indiana, . . March 5, 1861. 

John P. Upsher, Indiana, . . . Jan. 8, 1863. 

James Harlan, Iowa, . . . May 15, 1865. 

Orville H. Browning, Illinois, . . July 27, 1866. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 69 

ATTORNEY S-GENERAL : 

Edward Bates, Missouri, . . March 5, 1861. 

James Speed, Kentucky, . . . Dec. 2, 1864. 

Henry Stanbery, Ohio, .... July 23, 1866. 
William Maxwell Evarts, New York, July 15, 1868. 

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL : 

Montgomery Blair, Maryland, . . March 5, 1861. 

William Dennison, Ohio, . . Sept. 24, 1864. 

Alexander W. Randall, Wisconsin, . July 25, 1866. 



Grant's Administration — 1869 to 187-. 

president: 
Ulysses Simpson Grant, Illinois, . March 4, 1869. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS : 

Schuyler Colfax, Indiana, . . March 4, 1869. 

Henry Wilson, Massachusetts, . . March 4, 1873. 

Ex~ officio, as Preside?it pro-tern of the Senate: 
Thomas W. Ferry, Michigan, . . March, 1875. 

SECRETARIES OF STATE: 

Elihu B. Washburne, Illinois, . . March 5, 1869. 
Hamilton Fish, New York, . . March 11, 1869. 

SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY: 

George S. Boutwell, Massachusetts, . March 11,1869. 
William A. Richardson, Massachusetts, March 17, 1873. 
Benjamin H. Bristow, Kentucky, . June 1, 1874. 

Lot M Morrill, Maine, . . . June 21, 1876. 



7o 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



SECRETARIES OF WAR: 

John M. Schofield, Missouri, 
John A. Rawlins, Illinois, 
William W. Belknap, Iowa, 
Alphonso Taft, Ohio, 
J. Donald Cameron, Pennsylvania, 



March 5, 1869. 

March n } 1869. 

Dec. 6, 1869. 

March 7, 1876. 

May 22, T876. 



SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY: 

Adolpji E. Borie, Pennsylvania, . March 5, 1869. 

George M. Robeson, New Jersey, . . Dec. 6, 1869. 

SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR: 

Jacob D. Cox, Ohio, . . . March 5, 1869. 

Columbus Delano, Ohio, . . . Nov. 1, 1870. 

Zachariah Chandler, Michigan, . Oct. 19, 1875. 



ATTORNEYS-GENERAL : 

Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, Mass., 
A. T. Akerman, Georgia, 
George H. Williams, Oregon, . 
Edwards Pierrepont, New York, . 
Alphonso Taft, Ohio, 



March 5, 1869. 

Dec. 14, 1 87 1. 

Dec. 8, 1875. 

May 22, 1876. 



POSTMASTERS-GENERAL : 

John A. J. Creswell, Maryland, . March 5, 1869. 

Marshal Jewell, Connecticut, . . Aug. 24, 1874. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 7 1 

DUTIES OF CABINET OFFICERS. 



PRESIDENT. 
He is assisted in the administration of the General 
Government by seven officers, heads of departments, 
called his Cabinet, whom he may consult on all mat- 
ters. They are nominated by him, but must be 
confirmed by the Senate. 

STATE DEPARTMENT. 

Created by Act of Congress. September 15. 1789. 

The Secretary of State is the leading member of 
the Cabinet, and has charge of the foreign relations 
of the United States, including all matters relative to 
Diplomacy, Foreign Ministers, Consuls, etc., and the 
reception of all communications from foreign powers. 

TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

Created by Act of Congress, September 2, 1789. 

The Secretary of the Treasury has charge of the 
fiscal affairs of the government, the collecting of the 
revenue, together with the oversight of the various 
Custom-houses, and the numerous officers therein 
employed. 

WAR DEPARTMENT. 

Created by Act of Congress, September 15. 1789. 

The Secretary of War has charge of the army and 
national defense on land, the superintendence of all 
the forts and military stations, and the various details 
connected with the land forces of the United States. 

NAVY DEPARTMENT. 

Created by Act of Congress. April 30, 1798. 

Originally, the Navy Department was included 
with the War Department. The Secretary of the 



72 THE VOTER S HAND-BOOK. 

Navy has charge of the national defense b3^ sea, and 
control of everything connected with the naval es- 
tablishment, in all its necessary details. 

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. 

Created by Act of Congress, March 3, 1849. 

This department was established for the relief of 
the other departments. The Secretary of the Inte- 
rior has charge of the Patent Office, formerly under 
the supervision of the State Department; the Land 
Office, from the Treasury Department; Soldier's 
Pensions and Indian Affairs, from the War Depart- 
ment; Naval Pensions, from the Navy Department; 
the care of public buildings; the taking of the census, 
and other matters. 

ATTORNEY-GENERAL'S OFFICE. 

Created by Act of Congress, Sept. 24, 1789. 

The Attorney-General is the legal adviser of the 
President and heads of the various departments, and 
shall prosecute and conduct all suits in the Supreme 
Court in which the United States shall be concerned. 

POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 

Created by Act of Congress, Sept. 22, 1789. 

The Postmaster-General, though not originally a 
cabinet officer, is now recognized as such. He has 
control of all the postal arrangements, contracts for 
the mail-service by land and sea, and the appoint- 
ment of postmasters. In offices where the salary of 
the postmaster is a thousand dollars a year or over, 
the appointments are made by the President, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



73 



SPEAKERS 



THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 



First Congress — 1789, Frederick Augustus Muhlenburg. 

1st and 2d session held at New York, the 3d at Philadelphia. 

Second Congress — 1791 , . Jonathan Trumbull, Conn. 

Third Congress — 1793, Frederick Augustus Muhlenburg. 

Fourth Congress — 1795? » Jonathan Dayton, N.J. 

._..-, ~ ( Jonathan Dayton, N. T* 

Fifth Congress— 1797, . \ J ~ ^ f ' J 

s iyn ( George Dent, Md. 

Sixth Congress — 1799, • Theodore Sedgwick, Mass. 

1st session at Philadelphia, 2d at Washington. 



Seventh Congress — 1801, 
Eighth Congress — 1803, 
Ninth Congress — 1805, 
Tenth Congress — 1807, . 
Eleventh Congress — 1809, 
Twelfth Congress — 181 1, 

Thirteenth Congress — 1813, 

Fourteenth Congress — 1815, 
Fifteenth Congress — 1817, 

Sixteenth Congress — 1819, 

Seventeenth Congress — 1821, 
Eighteenth Congress — 1823, 
Nineteenth Congress — 1825, 
Twentieth Congress — 1827, 
Twenty-first Congress — 1829, 



Nathaniel Macon, N. C. 

Nathaniel Macon, N. C. 

Nathaniel Macon, N. C. 

Joseph B. Varnum, Mass. 

Joseph B. Varnum, Mass. 

Henry Clay, Ky. 

( Henry Clay, Ky. 

( Langdon Cheves, S. C. 

Henry Clay, Ky. 

Henry Clay, Ky* 

j Henry Clay, Ky. 

\ John W. Taylor, N. Y. 

. Philip P. Barbour, Va. 

Henry Clay, Ky. 

. John W. Taylor, N. Y. 

Andrew Stevenson, Va. 

Andrew Stevenson, Va. 



74 the voter's hand-book. 

Twenty-second Congress — 1831, Andrew Stevenson, Va. 

r Andrew Stevenson, Va. 
Twenty-third Congress — 1833, J Henry Hubbard, N. H. 

( John Bell, Tenn. 

Twenty-fourth Congress — 1835, James Knox Polk, Tenn. 

Twenty-fifth Congress — 1837, James Knox Polk, Tenn. 

Twenty-sixth Congress — 1839, Robert M. T. Hunter, Va. 

Twenty-seventh Congress — 1841, . John White, Ky. 

t« . • Ui.u r* o ( Tohn W, Tones,Va. 

Twenty-eighth Congress — 1843, \ J J ' 

( Geo. W. Hopkins, Va. 

Twenty-ninth Congress — 1845, John W. Davis, Ind. 

r-m • ±- .l r* o.^ ( Robert C. Winthrop, Mass. 

Thirtieth Congress — 1847, \ 

{ Armistead Burt, S. C. 
Thirty-first Congress — 1849, * Howell Cobb, Ga. 

Thirty-second Congress — 1851, . Linn Boyd, Ky. 

Thirty-third Congress — 1853, . Linn Boyd, Ky. 

Thirty-fourth Congress — 1855, Nathaniel P. Banks, Mass. 
Thirty-fifth Congress — 1857, • James L. Orr, S. C 
Thirty-sixth Congress — 1859, William Pennington, N.J. 
Thirty-seventh Congress — 1861, Galusha A. Grow, Pa. 
Thirty-eighth Congress — 1863, . Schuyler Colfax, Ind. 
Thirty-ninth Congress — 1865, . Schuyler Colfax, Ind. 
Fortieth Congress — 1867, . Schuyler Colfax, Ind. 
Forty-first Congress — 1869, . James G. Blaine, Me. 
Forty-second Congress — 1871, James G. Blaine, Me. 
Forty-third Congress — 1873, , James G. Blaine, Me. 
Forty-fourth Congress — 1875, • Michael C. Kerr, Ind. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



75 



THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE. 



1788 — Number of Electors, 69. 

George Washington, Virginia, .... 69 

John Adams, Massachusetts, . . 34 

John Jay, New York, ..... 9 

John Rutledge, South Carolina, .... 6 

R. H. Harrison, Maryland, ..... 6 

John Hancock, Massachusetts, .... 4 

George Clinton, New York, .... 3 

John Milton, Georgia, ...... 2 

Samuel Huntington, Connecticut, ... 2 

Edward Telfair, Georgia, ..... 1 

Benjamin Lincoln, Massachusetts,. . . 1 

James Armstrong, Georgia, ..... 1 

1792 — Number of Electors, 132. 

George Washington, Virginia, .... 132 

John Adams, Massachusetts, .... 77 

George Clinton, New York, .... 50 

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, .... 4 

Aaron Burr, New York, . . . . . 1 

1796 — Number of Electors, 138. 

John Adams, Massachusetts, . . . . 7 1 

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, .... 68 

Thomas Pinckney, South Carolina, . . 59 

Aaron Burr, New York, ..... 30 

Samuel Adams, Massachusetts, . . . . 15 

Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut, ... 1 1 

George Clinton, New York, .... 7 



7^ THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

John Jay, New York, ..... 5 

James Iredell, North Carolina, . . . . 3 

S, Johnston, North Carolina, .... 2 

George Washington, Virginia, .... 2 

John Henry, Maryland, ..... 2 

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, South Carolina, . 1 

1800 — Number of Electors, 13S. 

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, . . . . 73 

Aaron Burr, New York, . . . • • 73 

John Aclams, Massachusetts, .... 65 

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, South Carolina, . 64 

John Jay, New York, ..... 1 

States. 

# Thomas Jefferson, . . . . . . 10 

Aaron Burr, . . .... . . 

Divided, . . . . . 



4 



In the following pages is given the electoral vote 
received by the successful and defeated candidates 
for the Presidency and Vice-presidency from 1804 to 
1872. Prior to 1804, the President and Vice-Presi- 
dent were elected according to Art. II, Sec. 1, Clause 
3, of the Constitution; now according to the XII. 
Amendment. 

1804 — Number of Electors, 176. 

president. 
Thomas Jefferson, . . . Republican, 162 

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, . . Federal, 14 

vice-president. 
George Clinton, .... Republican, 162 

Rufus King, .... Federal, 14 

* Elected by the House of Representatives, Feb. 17, 1801. 



the voter's hand-book. 77 

1808 — Number of Electors, 175. 

pre s [dent. 

James Madison, ... . . Republican, 122 

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, . Federal, 47 

George Clinton, 6 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 

George Clinton, .... Republican, 113 

Rufus King, .... Federal, 47 

John Langdon, ... .... 9 

James Madison, ...... 3 

James Monroe, ....... 3 

1812 — Number of Electors, 217. 

president. 

James Madison, .... Republican, 128 

De Witt Clinton, ... . Federal, 89 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 

Elbridge Gerry, .... Republican, 131 

Jared Ingersoll, .... Federal, 86 

1816 — Number of Electors, 217. 

president. 

James Monroe, .... Republican, 183 

Rufus King, .... Federal, 34 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 

Daniel D. Tompkins, . . Republican, 183 

John E. Howard, ...... 22 

James Ross, ....... 5 

John Marshall, 4 

Robert G. Harper, ...... 3 



7 8 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



1820 — Number of Electors, 232. 
president. 
James Monroe, .... All Parties, 

John Quincy Adams, ...... 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 

Daniel D. Tompkins, . . . All Parties, 

Richard Stockton, . . . . 

Daniel Rodney, . . 

Richard Rush, . . . 

Robert G. Harper, 



231 

1 

218 

8 

4 
1 



1824 — Number of Electors, 261. 
president. 
Andrew Jackson, 



John Quincy Adams, 
William H. Crawford, 
Henry Clay, 



States. 



*John Quincy Adams, . 
Andrew Jackson, 
William H. Crawford, . 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 

John Caldwell Calhoun, . 
Nathan Sanford, .... 
Nathaniel Macon, . 
Andrew Jackson, . . . 
Henry Clay, . . . . 
Martin Van Buren, 



Democrat, 
Federal, 
Democrat, 
Federal, 



All Parties, 



99 

84 

4 1 
37 

J 3 

7 
4 

182 

3° 

24 

J 3 

9 
2 



1828— Number of Electors, 261. 

president. 
Andrew Jackson, .... Democrat, 

John Quincy Adams, . • . Federal, 

♦Elected by the House of Representatives, Feb. 9, 1825. 



178 

83 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 
VICE-PRESIDENT. 

John Caldwell Calhoun, . . . Democrat, 
Richard Rush, .... Federal, 
William Smith, ...... 

1832 — Number of Electors, 285. 
president. 
Andrew Jackson, .... Democrat, 

Henry Clay, .... Whig, 

John Floyd, ....... 

William Wirt, .... Anti-Mason, 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 

Martin Van Buren, .... Democrat, 

John Sergeant, .... Whig, 

Henry Lee, ....... 

Amos Ellmaker, .... Anti-Mason, 

William Wilkins, ...... 

1836 — Number of Electors, 294. 
president. 
Martin Van Buren, .... Democrat, 
William Henry Harrison, . . Whig, 

Hugh L. White, 

Daniel Webster, ...... 

Willie P. Mangum, 

VICE-PRESIDENT. 

*Richard Mentor Johnson, . . Democrat, 
Francis Granger, .... Whig, 

John Tyler, . 

William Smith, . 

* Elected by the Senate. 



79 



171 

7 



219 

49 
11 

7 

189 

49 
11 

7 
3° 



170 

73 
26 

»4 

11 

147 

77 
47 
2 3 



8o 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



1840 — Number of Electors, 294. 



PRESIDENT. 



William Henry Harrison, 


Whig, 


234 


Martin Van Buren, .... 


Democrat, 


60 


James G. Birney, 


Liberty. 




VICE-PRESIDENT. 






John Tyler, 


Whig, 


234 


Richard Mentor Johnson, 


Democrat, 


48 


Littleton W. Tazewell, . •"■■"'• 




II 


James Knox Polk, 


. 


I 


Francis J. Lemoyne, 


Liberty. 




1844 — Number of Electors, 275. 




PRESIDENT. 






Tames Knox Polk, 


Democrat, 


170 


Henry Clay, . . . 


Whig, 


105 


James G. Birney, 


Liberty. 




VICE-PRESIDENT. 






George Mifflin Dallas, 


Democrat, 


170 


Theodore Frelinghuysen, 


Whig, 


105 



1848 — Number of Electors, 290. 

president: 
Zachary Taylor .... 
Lewis Cass, ..... 
Martin Van Buren, 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

Millard Fillmore, 
William Orlando Butler, 
Charles Francis Adams, 



Whig, 


163 


Democrat, 


127 


Free Soil, 




Whig, 


163 


Democrat, 


127 


Free Soil, 





THE VOTER S HAND-BOOK. 



81 



1852 — Number of Electors, 296. 
president: 



Franklin Pierce, 


Democrat, 


254 


Winfield Scott, .... 


Whig, 


42 


John Parker Hale, 


Free Soil. 




VICE-PRESIDENT: 






William Rufus King, 


Democrat, 


2 54 


William A. Graham, . 


Whig, 


42 


George W. Julian, 


Free Soil. 




1856 — Number of Electors, 296. 




PRESIDENT: 






James Buchanan, 


Democrat, 


174 


John Charles Fremont, 


Republican, 


114 


Millard Fillmore, 


American, 


8 



VICE-PRESIDENT: 

John Cabell Breckinridge, 
William L. Dayton, 
Andrew Jackson Donelson, 



Democrat, 174 
Republican, 114 
American, 8 



1860 — Number of Electors, 303. 

PRESIDENT: 

Abraham Lincoln, 
John Cabell Breckinridge, 
John Bell, . . 

Stephen Arnold Douglas, 

VICE-PRESIDENT 

Hannibal Hamlin, 
Joseph Lane, 
Edward Everett, 
Herschel V. Johnson, 



Republican, 180 

Democrat, 72 

Union, 39 

Democrat, 12 

Republican, 180 

Democrat, 72* 

Union, 39 

Democrat, 12 



82 the voter's hand-book. 

1864 — Number of Electors, 233. 

president: 

Abraham Lincoln, . -. . Republican, 212 

George Brinton McClellan, . . Democrat, 21 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

Andrew Johnson, . . Republican, 212 

George H. Pendleton, . . . Democrat, 21 

1868 — Number of Electors, 294. 

president: 

Ulysses Simpson Grant, . . Republican, 214 

Horatio Seymour, . . . . Democrat, 80 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

Schuyler Colfax, . . . Republican, 214 

Francis Preston Blair, Jr., . . Democrat, 80 

1872 — Number of Electors, 366, 

president: 

Ulysses Simpson Grant, . . . Republican, 300 

Horace Greeley, . . . Liberal Republican, 66 

VICE-PRESIDENT: 

Henry Wilson, .... Republican, 300 

Benjamin Gratz Brown, . Liberal Republican, 66 

Greeley having died before the meeting of the 
electoral college, the electors gave their votes for 
president, as follows: 
Thomas A. Hendricks, . . . . . . 42 

Benjamin Gratz Brown, . . . . . 18 

Horace Greeley, • . . . . . - .3 

^Charles J. Jenkins, . . . . . 2 

David Davis, ....... 1 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 83 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 



Presidents of the United States. 



GEORGE WASHINGTON, 

First President of the United States, was born in 
the county of Westmoreland, Virginia, February 22, 
1732. His father, Augustine Washington, and his 
mother, Mary Ball, had six children, — four sons and 
two daughters, — George being the eldest. He re- 
ceived a common English education, and at the age of 
nineteen was appointed one of the adjutant-generals of 
his state, with the rank of major. He was soon 
after appointed colonel, which position he held till 
1758. At the age of twenty-seven he married Mrs. 
Martha Curtis, a wealthy widow about three months 
his junior, and the mother of two children. In 1759 
he was elected to the House of Burgesses, and con- 
tinued to be returned to that body for fifteen years, 
with the exception of short intervals, and officiating 
as justice of the peace. In 1774 Washington was 
elected one of the delegates to represent Virginia in 
the first Continental Congress, at Philadelphia, and 
held the office until June 15, 1775, when he was 
appointed by that body commander-in-chief of the 
American army. He held that position until he 



84 THE voter's hand-book. 

brought the Revolutionary war to a successful termi- 
nation; then he returned to Annapolis, where Con- 
gress was in session, and resigned his commission 
December 23, 1783. In May, 1787, he was elected 
to the convention which met at Philadelphia for the 
purpose of forming a Constitution, and was chosen 
to preside over its deliberations. The convention 
succeeded in framing our present constitution of the 
United States, and it was adopted by that body 
September 17, 1787. As soon as the Constitution 
had been ratified by a sufficient number of states, 
they proceeded to elect a president. George Wash- 
ington was unanimously elected by the electoral 
college in April, 1789, receiving sixty-nine votes. 
These were the votes of only ten states; two of the 
thirteen original states had not yet ratified the Con- 
stitution, and New York had not passed an electoral 
law. He took the oath of office April 30, 1789, at 
" Federal Hall," in the City of New York. At the 
expiration of his first term he was unanimously 
reelected by the electoral college, and took the oath 
of office March 4, 1793, at Philadelphia. On the 4th 
of March, 1797, his second presidential term closed, 
and he retired to his farm at Mount Vernon, deter- 
mined to pass the remainder of his days in retirement. 
In July, 1798, the rank and title of "Lieutenant- 
General and Commander-in-Chief of all the armies 
of the United States," was conferred upon him on 
account of difficulties with France, but he did not 
find it necessary to take the field. He held the com- 
mission until his death, which occurred December 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 85 

14, 1799, and his body was deposited in the family 
tomb at Mount Vernon. 

Washington held political office about twenty-five 
years, and military about fifteen years. He left an 
estate worth about $800,000. 

"The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, 
And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave, 
Await alike the inevitable hour : 

The paths of glory lead but to the grave." — Gray. 



JOHN ADAMS, 

Second President of the United States, was born 
October 30, 1735, in the town of Braintree, Massa- 
chusetts. He graduated at Harvard College, Cam- 
bridge, Massachusetts, in 1755, chose law as a pro- 
fession, and was admitted to the bar in 1761. In 
1764 he married Abigail Smith, an accomplished 
daughter of the Rev. William Smith. In 1770 he 
was chosen representative from Boston in the Massa- 
chusetts Assembly, and in 1774 he was elected to 
the first Continental Congress. He w r as reelected in 
1776, and was one of the committee which drafted the 
Declaration of Independence in June of that year. 
Adams was appointed as commissioner to the court 
of France in December, 1777, and returned in 1779. 
After his return he was chosen a member of the 
Massachusetts convention for framing a constitution, 
and on the 29th of September, 1779, he was appointed 



86 the voter's hand-book. 

Minister Plenipotentiary to treat with Great Britain 
for peace and commerce. He was soon after appoint- 
ed Minister to Holland, and recalled in July, 1781, to 
Paris. In January, 1785, he was appointed Minister 
to England, and occupied that post until 1788, when 
he resigned and returned home. He was elected 
first Vice-President of the United States, and took 
the oath of office June 3, 1789, which office he held, 
by reelection, until March 4, 1797. He was elected 
President in 1796, and took the oath of office March 
4, 1797, at Philadelphia. He was defeated for a 
reelection, and at the close of his official term, he 
retired to his farm at Quincy, where he died July 4, 
1826. 

John Adams held office over twenty-five years. 
He died moderately well oft'. 

THOMAS JEFFERSON, 

Third President of the United States, was born at 
Shad well, Albemarle county, Virginia, April 13, 1743. 
He was educated at William and Mary College, Vir- 
ginia, and graduated in 1762. After leaving college 
he studied law T ; and in 1769 he was elected a mem- 
ber of the House of Burgesses, of Virginia. In 1772 
he was married to Mrs. Martha Skelton, a wealthy 
widow, twenty-three years of age. He was a dele- 
gate to the Continental Congress in 1775, and in 1776 
he was chosen chairman of the committee which 
drafted the Declaration of Independence, and was 
the author of that glorious instrument which was the 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 87 

foundation of American liberty. He was elected to 
a seat in the Virginia Assembly during the summer 
of 1776, and resigned his seat in Congress. He con- 
tinued in the Assembly in 1777 and '78. In June, 
1779, Jefferson succeeded Patrick Henry as governor 
of Virginia, and held the office two years. He was 
elected to Congress in 1783, and was chairman of 
the committee to whom the treaty of peace with 
England was referred. In Ma}/, 1784, he was ap- 
pointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Europe, to assist 
Adams and Franklin in negotiating treaties of com- 
merce. In 1785 Congress appointed him Minister 
Plenipotentiary to France, and remained there until 
1789. On his return home Washington offered him 
a seat in his cabinet, as Secretary of State, which he 
accepted and held until December 31, 1793. In 1796 
Jefferson was elected Vice-President of the United 
States, and took his seat March 4, 1797. On the 17th 
of February, 1801, he was elected President by the 
House of Representatives, the electors having failed 
to make a choice, and took the oath of office March 
4, 1801, at Washington, D. C. In 1804 he was re- 
elected, and took the oath of office March 4, 1805. 
After completing his second term he retired to "Mon- 
ticello," where, in the language of Daniel Webster, 
"he lived as became a wise man," and died July 4, 
1826. 

Jefferson held office about thirty years. He died 
so poor, that if Congress had not given $20,000 for 
his library, he would have been bankrupt. 



88 the voter's hand-book. 

JAMES MADISON, 

Fourth President of the United States, was born in 
Orange county, Virginia, March 16, 1751. At the 
age of seventeen years he entered Princeton College, 
N. J., where he graduated in 1771, and commenced 
the study of the law. In 1776 he was elected a mem- 
ber of the General Assembly of Virginia, and in 1778 
was elected to the Executive Council of the State. 
He was elected to the Continental Congress in 1779; 
was a member of that body three years, and a mem- 
ber of the Legislature of Virginia from 1784 to 1786. 
He was a member of the convention which formed the 
Constitution of the United States in 1787. He was 
elected a member of the House of Representatives 
in 1789, and held the office eight years, during which 
time (1794) he married Mrs. Dolly Paine Todd, a 
young widow twenty-three years of age. He was 
elected a member of the Virginia Assembly in 1777. 
In i8ci Jefferson appointed him Secretary of State, 
which office he held eight years. He was the 
successful candidate for the presidency in 1808, and 
was inaugurated March 4, 1809. He was reelected 
in 181 2, and took the oath office March 4, 1813. At 
the close of his second term he retired to his home 
at Montpelier, and died June 28, 1836. 

Madison held office about thirty-two years. He 
was economical and died rich. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 89 

JAMES MONROE, 

Fifth President of the United States, was born on the 
28th of April, 1758, in the county of Westmoreland,. 
Virginia, and graduated at William and Mary Col- 
lege in 1776. He then joined the Continental army 
where he remained three years, and was promoted 
to the rank of captain. He then commenced the 
study of law under Thomas Jefferson, and in 1782 he 
was elected to the Virginia Legislature. The next 
year he was chosen one of the Executive Council, in 
which he continued until 1783, when he was elected 
a member of the Continental Congress, and held that 
office three years. During his attendance at New 
York (in 1785) as a member ol Congress, he married 
a daughter of Mr. L. Kortright. In 1787 he was 
elected to the State Legislature, and in 1788 he was 
a member of the convention to decide upon the adop- 
tion of the new constitution. He was elected United 
States Senator in 1788, and at the expiration of his 
term, in 1794, he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary 
and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Ver- 
sailles, and was recalled in 1796. In 1799 he was 
elected Governor of Virginia, and served the consti- 
tutional term of three years. In 1803 he was ap- 
pointed Envoy Extraordinary to France, to negotiate 
for the purchase of Louisiana. In 1810 he was 
elected to the legislature, and the same year was 
commissioned Minister Plenipotentiary to England. 
In 181 1 Mr. Monroe was again elected Governor of 
Virginia, but was soon after appointed Secretary of 



9° THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

State by President Madison, and in 1814 he was ap- 
pointed to the War Department, which he took with- 
out relinquishing the former post. He was elected 
President of the United States in 1816, and was 
inaugurated March 4, 1817; was reelected in 1820, 
and took the oath of office March 5, 1821, the 4th 
being on Sunday. His term of office expired March 
4, 1825, and he retired to his residence in Loudon 
county, Virginia, where he resided until 1831, when 
he removed to New York City, and took up his res- 
idence with his son-in-law. He died on the 4th of 
July, 1831. 

Monroe held office twenty-six years. He died so 
poor that he was buried at the expense of his relatives. 

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, 

Sixth President of the United States, was born at 
Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, July 11, 
1767, and at the age of eleven years he accompanied 
his father, John Adams, to France. He attended 
school in Paris; and 1781 accompanied the American 
embassador, Francis Dana, to Russia as his private 
secretary. He returned home in 1785, and entered 
Harvard College, where he graduated in 1788. He 
then began the study of law with Hon. Theophilus 
Parsons, In 1794 he was appointed resident minister 
to the Netherlands, and afterwards to Portugal; but 
while on his way to Lisbon he received a new com- 
mission from his father, then President, which changed 
him to Prussia. In 1797 he was married to Miss 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 91 

Louisa Catharine Johnson. He returned to America 
1801, and in 1802 was elected to the Senate of 
Massachusetts. In 1803 he was elected to the 
United States Senate, and resigned his seat in 1806. 
In 1809 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to 
Russia, and in 1814 he was placed at the head of the 
American Commissioners who negotiated the treaty 
of peace with Great Britain at Ghent. Mr. Adams 
was appointed minister to the court of St. James in 
1815; was appointed Secretary of State in 1817, and 
held the office eight years. February 9, 1825 he was 
elected President of the United States by the House 
of Representatives, the electoral college having failed 
to make a choice, and was inaugurated March 4. 
He was defeated for a reelection, and on the 4th ot 
March, 1829, he left the executive chair, and retired 
to private life. In 1830 he was elected to the House 
of Representatives, and held the office by reelection 
until his death, February 23, 1848, which occurred in 
the Capitol at Washington. 

John Quincy Adams held office about fifty years. 
He left about $50,000. 

ANDREW JACKSON, 

Seventh President of the United States, was born 
March 15, 1767, at Washaw, Lancaster county, 
South Carolina, and received a common English 
education. Andrew, like George Washington, fought 
in the Revolutionary war, joining a company of vol- 
unteers at the age of fourteen. In 1784 he began 



92 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

the stucfy of law at Salisbury, N. C, and was soon 
after appointed solicitor for that portion of the State 
now known as Tennessee. In 1791 he married Mrs. 
Rachel Robarts, a woman who had been divorced 
from her husband. In 1795 he was a member of the 
convention that formed the State Constitution of 
Tennessee, and was elected the first Representative 
of that State in Congress. He was soon after elected 
United States Senator, and took his seat in November, 
1797. He resigned hid seat as Senator in 1798, and 
was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of Tennes- 
see, which position he held until 1804. When the 
United States declared war against Great Britain in 
1812, Jackson entered the army, and in 1814 he 
received the appointment of Major-General. He 
continued in the army, fighting the British and 
Indians until 1818, and then resigned his commission. 
In 182 1 President Monroe appointed him Governor 
of the Territory of Florida, and in 1823 he was elected 
to the United States Senate. In 1824 he was an 
unsuccessful candidate for the Presidency, but success- 
ful in 1828, and was inaugurated March 4, 1829. He 
was reelected in 1832, and took the oath of office 
a second time March 4, 1833. At the close of his 
administration, March 4, 1837, he retired to the 
" Hermitage," in Tennessee, and died on the 8th day 
of June, 1845. 

Jackson held office — judicial, political, and military 
— in all about twenty-five years. He died tolerably 
well off. 



93 



xMARTIN VAN BUREN, 



Eighth President of the United States, was born in 
the town of Kinderhook, Columbia county, New 
York, December 5, 1782. He received a common 
English education, and at the age of fourteen years 
began the study of law, and, according to the 
"New York rule," after studying seven years, he 
was admitted to the bar. In 1806 he married Miss 
Hannah Hoes, who was a distant relative. In 1808 
he was appointed Surrogate of Columbia county, 
and in 181 2 was elected to the State Senate, and 
reelected in 1816. In 1821 he was elected United 
States Senator, and reelected in 1827. In 1828 he 
was elected Governor of New York, and entered 
upon the duties of that office the first of January, 
1829, having resigned his seat in the Senate. He 
filled the gubernatorial chair but little over two 
months, being appointed Secretary of State by Mr. 
Jackson in March. At the expiration of two years 
he resigned his seat in the Cabinet, and was appointed 
minister to England. The appointment was not con- 
firmed by the Senate, and he was recalled. He was 
elected Vice-President of the United States in 1832. 
Mr. Van Buren was nominated for President by the 
National Democratic Convention, held at Baltimore, 
in February, 1836. Being duly elected he took the 
oath of office March 4, 1837. He was the first Pre- 
sident ever nominated by a regular " National Con- 
vention." Prior to this time it had been the custom 



94 the voter's hand-book. 

of Congress and the State Legislatures to nominate 
the candidates for President and Vice-President. He 
was defeated for a reelection in 1840; and at the close 
of his term, March 4, 1841, he returned to his estate 
at Kinderhook. He was nominated by the Free 
Soil party for the presidency in 1848, but did not re- 
ceive an electoral vote. He died July 24, 1862. 

Van Buren held office thirty years. He was the only 
man who ever held the four highest political offices 
in the United States, — President, Vice-President, Sec- 
retary of State, and United States Senator. 

He died worth some $300,000. It is said that dur- 
ing his entire administration he never drew any 
portion of his salary, but on leaving took the whole 
$100,000 in a lump. 

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, 

Ninth President of the United States, was born in 
Charles City county, Virginia, February 9, 1773, 
and was educated for the medical profession at Hemp- 
den Sydney College. He soon after joined the army 
and departed for the western wilderness to engage in 
the Indian wars, and was promoted to the rank of 
captain. In 1791 he married the daughter of Judge 
Symmes, and resigned his military commission for 
the purpose of accepting the office of Secretary of 
the Northwestern Territory, comprising the States of 
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, and Wiscon- 
sin. In 1799 he was elected the first delegate to 
Congress from the Northwestern Territory, and in 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 95 

1801, when Indiana was erected into a territory, he 
was appointed its first governor. In 1812 he was 
made commander of the Northwestern army with the 
commission of Brigadier-General, and in 1816 he was 
elected a Representative to Congress from Ohio, and 
held the office three vears. In 1819 he was elected 
State Senator, and in 1824 United States Senator. In 
1828 he was sent to the Republic of Columbia as 
Minister Plenipotentiary. On his return he retired 
to his farm at North Bend, Ohio, where he lived until 
1836, when he became a candidate for the presidency, 
and was defeated. On the 4th of December, 1839, 
the Whig National Convention met at Harrisburg. 
James Barbour, of Virginia, was chosen president of 
the convention. On the third day (Dec. 6) the nom- 
inations were made. Of the 254 votes, William 
Henry Harrison received 148; Henry Clay, 90; Win- 
field Scott, 16. Harrison having received a majority, 
was declared the nominee. John Tyler was nomina- 
ted for Vice-President. They were elected in 1840, 
and took the oath of office March 4, 1841. Harri- 
son died the 4th of April, 1841. 

Harrison held office about twenty years. 

JOHN TYLER, 

Tenth President of the United States, was born at 
Williamsburg, Virginia, March 29, 1890, and at the 
age of seventeen he graduated at William and Mary 
College. At the age of nineteen he was admitted to 
the bar; and at the age of twenty-one (181 1) he was 



$6 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

elected to the Virginia Legislature, and held the 
office five successive years. In 1813 he married Miss 
Lucretia Christian. She died in 1842, and in 1844 
he married Miss Julia Gardiner. In 1816 he was 
elected a Representative in Congress, and served two 
terms. In 1823 he was elected a member of the 
State Legislature, and in 1825 was elected Governor 
of Virginia. He was elected United States Senator 
in 1827, and reelected in 1833, but resigned his seat 
in 1836. In 1838 he was again elected to the State 
Legislature, and in 1840 was elected Vice-President 
of the United States. Upon the death of President 
Harrison, in accordance with Article III of the Con- 
stitution, he became President of the United States. 
Mr. Tyler was at his residence in Virginia when Mr. 
Harrison died (April 4), but reached Washington 
and took the oath of office April 6, 1841. At the 
close of his official term, March 4, 1845, he retired to 
his estate near Williamsburg, and died* January 17, 
1862. He was a member of the secession Congress 
at the time of his death. 

Tyler held office twenty-seven years. He died 
rich. 

JAMES KNOX POLK, 

Eleventh President of the United States, was born in 
Mecklenburg county, North Carolina, November 2, 
1795. (His ancestor's name was Pollock.) In 1806 
his father and family removed to Nashville, Tennes- 
see. James graduated at the University of North 



the voter's hand-book. 97 

Carolina in 1818, and was admitted to the bar in 1820. 
In 1823 he was elected to the Tennessee Legislature, 
and was a member of that body two years. In 1825 
he was elected to the National House of Represent- 
atives. He held the office by reelection for fourteen 
years, and was chosen Speaker of the House two 
terms. He was elected Governor of Tennessee in 
1839, a °d was a candidate for reelection in 1841, but 
was defeated. He was again a candidate for the 
same office in 1843, and was again defeated. On the 
27th of May, 1844, the National Democratic Con- 
vention assembled at Baltimore. On the first ballot, 
Martin Van Buren received 146 votes; Lewis Cass 
83; Richard Mentor Johnson, 24; John Caldwell 
Calhoun, 6; and 7 scattering. Mr. Van Buren re- 
ceived a majority, but a rule of the convention re- 
quired a two thirds vote to nominate. On the eighth 
ballot Van Buren received 104; Cass, 114; James 
Knox Polk, 44. On the ninth ballot the vote was 
unanimous for Mr. Polk. George Mifflin Dallas was 
nominated for Vice-President. They were elected the 
coming autumn, and took the oath of office March 4, 
1845. On the 3d of March, 1849, Mr. Polk's admin- 
istration closed. He returned to his home in Nash- 
ville, and died June 15, 1849. Polk held office twen- 
ty-two years. He left about $150,000. 



98 . THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

ZACHARY TAYLOR, 

Twelfth President of the United States, was born in 
Orange county, Virginia, September 24, 1784. He 
received a very limited common-school education. 
In 1808 he was appointed lieutenant in the United 
States infantry. Mr. Taylor was married in 1810. 
He was promoted from time to time, and in 1840 
attained the rank of Brigadier-General. About this 
time he purchased a large estate in Louisiana. In 
1845 he was ordered to Mexico, and commanded at 
the battles of Palo Alto, Matamoras, Monterey, and 
Buena Vista. June 7, 1848, the Whig National Con- 
vention met at Philadelphia. June 8th the balloting 
commenced. On the first ballot Zachary Taylor 
received in votes; Henry Clay, 97; Winfield Scott, 
46; Daniel Webster, 21 ; and John McLean, 2. After 
another unsuccessful ballot the Convention adjourned. 
On the first ballot, June 9th, Taylor received 133 
votes; Clay, 74; Scott, 53; Webster, 16; and John 
M. Clayton, 1. The second ballot resulted in a 
choice, Taylor having received 171 votes; Scott, 63; 
Clay, 30; Webster, 12. Millard Fillmore was nomi- 
nated ior Vice-President. Messrs. Taylor and Fill- 
more were elected the coming fall, and took the oath 
of office March 5, 1849, the 4th of March occurring on 
Sunday (inauguration day) the second time, and will 
occur again in 1877. Mr. Taylor died July 9, 1850. 
Taylor never held a political office or cast a vote 
until he w r as elected to the Presidency. He left an 
estate worth about $150,000. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 99 

MILLARD FILLMORE, 

Thirteenth President of the United States, was born 
in Cayuga county, New York, January 7, 1800, and 
received a common-school education. He studied 
law, and was admitted to practice as an attorney in 
1827. In 1829 he was elected to the New York As- 
sembly, and held the office three years. He was 
married to Abigail Powers in 1826. In 1832 he 
was elected to the National House of Represent- 
atives. He was again elected in 1836, and reelected 
in 1838-40. He was defeated for governor of New 
York in 1844. In 1847 he was elected comp- 
troller of the state, and in 1848 was elected Vice- 
President of the United States. Upon the death of 
President Taylor he became President, and took the 
oath of office July 10, 1850. At the expiration of his 
term, March 4, 1853, he returned to his home in 
Buffalo, and in 1856 was a candidate for the presi- 
dency, but was beaten. He died March 8, 1874. 

Fillmore held office sixteen years. He was eco- 
nomical and died rich. 

FRANKLIN PIERCE, 

Fourteenth President of the United States, was 
born at Hillsborough, New Hampshire,November 23, 
1804. He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1824, 
and then entered the law school at Northampton, 
Massachusetts, where he remained two years. In 
1829 he was elected to the New Hampshire Legis- 
lature, where he served four years, and the last two 



IOO THE VOTER'S HA1SD-BOOK. 

years was Speaker of the House. In 1833 he was 
elected a Representative in Congress, and held the 
office four years. He married Miss Jane M. Apple- 
ton in 1834. 1° I ^37 h e was elected to the United 
States Senate, and in 1842 resigned his seat. When 
the Mexican war broke out he accepted the commis- 
sion of Brigadier-General, and distinguished himself 
at the battles of Cerro-Gordo and Chapultepec. In 
1850 he presided over the Constitutional Convention 
of New Hampshire. June 1, 1852, the National 
Democratic Convention met at Baltimore. The two 
thirds rule was adopted. The balloting began June 
3d, and on the first ballot Lewis Cass received 114 
votes; James Buchanan, 93; William L. Marcy, 27; 
Stephen Arnold Douglas, 20. The seventeenth 
ballot that day stood: For Cass, 99; Buchanan, 87; 
Douglas, 50; Marcy, 26. The second day's balloting 
closed with the thirty-third trial, as follows: Cass, 
123; Buchanan, 72; Douglas, 60; Marcy, 25. On 
the thirty-sixth ballot the Virginia delegation cast 
their votes for Franklin Pierce, and on the forty-ninth 
he received the unanimous vote of the Convention. 
William Rufus King was nominated for Vice-Presi- 
dent. Being duly elected they were inaugurated 
March 4, 1853. There was not a change made in 
his Cabinet officers during his administration, a thing 
that has never before or since happened. He left the 
presidential chair March 4, 1857, and returned to his 
home in New Hampshire, where he died Oct. 8, 1869. 
Pierce held office about seventeen years. He left 
about $50,000. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. IOI 

JAMES BUCHANAN, 

Fifteenth President of the United States, was born in 
Franklin county, Pennsylvania, April, 1791. He 
graduated at Dickinson College in 1809, and was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 181 2. Jimmie was one of the 
" soonest " of young men, but was never married, — 
his best girl having died soon after their engagement. 
He was elected to the State Legislature in 1814. In 
1820 he was elected Representative to Congress, and 
held the office by reelection for ten years. In 1831 
he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
Plenipotentiary to Russia, and elected United States 
Senator in 1834. He was reelected in 1840, and con- 
tinued a member of that body until 1845, when he was 
appointed Secretary of State, which office he held four 
years. Mr. Buchanan was appointed Minister to Eng- 
land in 1853, and returned in April, 1856. June 2, 1856, 
the National Democratic Convention met at Cincin- 
nati to nominate a candidate for the presidency. On 
the first ballot James Buchanan received 135 votes; 
Franklin Pierce, 122; Stephen Arnold Douglas, 33; 
Lewis Cass, 5. On the ninth ballot the vote stood: 
Buchanan, 141; Pierce, 87; Douglas, 56; Cass, 7. 
On the sixteenth Buchanan had 168; Douglas, 121. 
On the seventeenth Buchanan was unanimously 
nominated. John Cabell Breckinridge was nominated 
for Vice-President, and they were elected the follow- 
ing autumn. They were inaugurated March 4, 1857. 



I02 THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 

At the close of his presidential term he retired to his 
home at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and died June i, 
1868. 

Buchanan held office nearly thirty-eight years. 
He died worth about $200,000. 

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, 

Sixteenth President of the United States, was born 
in Hardin (now Larne) county, Kentucky, February 
12, 1809. In 1 816 his father and family removed to 
what is now Spence. county, Indiana. Here he 
attended school about one year, which was all the 
schooling he ever had. In 1830 the family removed 
to Macon county, Illinois. When the Black Hawk 
war broke out, in 1832, Abraham Lincoln joined a 
volunteer company, and was at once chosen captain. 
At the close of the war they were disbanded at 
Whitewater, Wisconsin, and he made his way home 
on foot, and on a raft down the Illinois river. In the 
fall of 1832 he became a candidate for the State Leg- 
islature and was beaten. He was postmaster at 
New Salem from 1833 t0 I ^36. In 1834 he was 
elected to the Legislature as a Whig, and reelected 
in 1836-38-40. He was admitted to the bar in 1836, 
and commenced the practice of law at Springfield in 
1837. Up to this time he had never seen the inside 
of a college or academy. He married Miss Mary 
Todd, November 4, 1842. He was elected a Rep- 
resentative to Congress in 1846, and declined to be a 
candidate for reelection in 1848. May 16, i860, the 



103 

Republican National Convention met at Chicago to 
nominate candidates for President and Vice-President 
of the United States. May 18th the balloting com- 
menced. On the first ballot William Henry Seward 
received 173 votes; Abraham Lincoln, 102; Simon 
Cameron, 50; Salmon Portland Chase, 49; Edward 
Bates, 48; William L. Dayton, 14; John McLean, 12; 
scattering, 16. On the second ballot Seward received 
184 votes; Lincoln, 181; Chase, 42; Bates, 35; Day- 
ton, 10; McLean, 8; scattering, 4. The third ballot 
was as follows: Lincoln, 231; Seward, 180; Chase, 
24; Bates, 22; scattering, 7. Before the result was 
announced four Ohio delegates changed their votes, 
giving him a majority. It was then made unanimous. 
Hannibal Hamlin was nominated for Vice-President. 
Being duly elected they were inaugurated March 4, 
1861. Prior to this time severul of the Southern 
States had passed ordinances of secession. The 
various calls made by Lincoln for troops to suppress 
the rebellion, were: 

The call of April, 1861, for 75,000. 

The call of May, 1861, for 82,748. 

The call of July, 1861, for 500,000. 

The call of July, 1862, for 300,000. 

The call of Aug. 1862, for 300,000. 

The call of June, 1863, for 100,000. 

The call of Oct. 1863, for 300,000. 

The call of Feb. 1864, for 200,000. 

The call of Mar., 1864, for 200,000. 

The call of April, [864, for 85,000. 

The call of July, 1864, for 500,000. 

The call of Dec. 1864, for 300,000. 



104 THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 

The total number of troops called for was 2,942,748. 
The total number obtained was 2,690,401. In 1864-5 
the expenditures of the government amounted to over 
$3,500,000 per day. The national debt at the close 
of the war was over $2,749,000,000. 

The best speech that ever fell from human lips, 
was delivered by Abraham Lincoln on the battle-field 
of Gettysburg, November 19, 1863. We give it in 
full, as follows: 

"Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought 
forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in 
liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men 
are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great 
civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation 
so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We 
are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have 
come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final 
resting-place for those who here gave up their lives 
that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting 
and proper that we should do this. But in a larger 
sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we 
cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living 
and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it 
far above our power to add or detract. The world 
will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, 
but it can never forget what they did here. It is for 
us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the un- 
finished work which they who fought here have thus 
far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here 
dedicated to the great task remaining before us, that 
from these honored dead we take increased devotion 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. IO5 

to that cause for which they gave the last full measure 
of devotion ; that we here highly resolve that these 
dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, 
under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and 
that the government of the people, by the people, 
and for the people shall not perish from the earth." 
These few appropriate words seem to have been 

" Conceived in the ventricle of the imagination, 
Nourished in the bosom of the Pia Mater, 
And delivered on the mellowing of the occasion. " 

June 8, 1864, the National Republican Convention 
met at Baltimore, and renominated President Lincoln, 
with Andrew Johnson for Vice-President. They 
were inaugurated March 4, 1865. He was assassi- 
nated in Ford's Theater, at Washington, by John 
Wilkes Booth, on the 14th of April, and died on the 
15th. The whole nation, like one great family,, 
mourned over his loss. 

Lincoln held office fourteen years. He left about 
$75,000. 

ANDREW JOHNSON, 

Seventeenth President of the United States, was born 
at Raleigh, North Carolina, December 29, 1808. At 
the age of ten years he was apprenticed to a tailor 
with whom he remained seven years. He never 
attended school, but in 1827 he married Miss Eliza 
McCardle, who taught him to write and cipher. In 
1826 he removed to Granville, Tennessee, and was 
elected alderman of that village in 1828-9. In 1830 

8 



I06 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

he was elected mayor, and held the office three 
years. In 1835 he was elected to the State Legisla- 
ture; was defeated in 1837, and elected again in 1839. 
In 1841 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 
1843 to the National House of Representatives, which 
office he held, by successive reelections, for ten years. 
In 1853 he was elected Governor of Tennessee, and 
reelected in 1855. At the expiration of his guberna- 
torial term, in 1857, he was elected United States 
Senator by the Tennessee Legislature. In 1862 he 
was appointed Military Governor of Tennessee. He 
was nominated for Vice-President at the Baltimore 
Convention, June 8, 1864. Being a successful candi- 
date he took the oath of office, March 4, 1865. Upon 
the death of President Lincoln he became President, 
and took the oath of office April 15, 1865. He was 
impeached by the House of Representatives Februa^ 
24, 1868, by a vote of 125 ayes to 40 nays. The fol- 
lowing Representatives were chosen as managers on 
the part of the House, to conduct the Bill of Impeach- 
ment before the Senate: Messrs. John A. Bingham, 
of Ohio; George S. Boutwell, of Massachusetts; 
Benjamin Franklin Butler, of Massachusetts; Thad- 
deus Stevens, of Pennsylvania; Thomas Williams, of 
Pennsylvania; John A. Logan, of Illinois; and James 
F. Wilson, of Iowa. The counsel for the President 
were Messrs. Benjamin R. Curtis, of Massachusetts; 
William M. Evarts, of New York; William S. 
Grosebeck, of Ohio; Thomas A. R. Nelson, of 
Tennessee ; and Henry Stanbery, of Ohio. The trial 
began March 30, 1868, before the United States 



THE VOTER S HAND-BOOK. IO7 

Senate, sitting as a court of impeachment, presided 
over by Chief Justice Chase. President Johnson 
was acquitted in the Senate, Ma}- 26th, by a vote of 
19 to 35, the Constitution requiring a vote of two 
thirds to convict. On the 4th of March, 1869, he 
retired from the Presidency to his home in Granville, 
Tennessee. In 1870 he was a candidate before the 
Tennessee Legislature for United States Senator, but 
was defeated by two votes. In 1872 he was a candi- 
date for Representative in Congress, and was defeated. 
In 1875 ^ e was elected to the United States Senate, 
took his seat March 4th, and died July 31, 1875. 

Johnson held office thirty-six years. He was 
probably worth $50,000. 

ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT, 

Eighteenth President of the United States, was born 
in Clermont county, Ohio, April 27, 1822. He grad- 
uated at the military academy at West Point, in 1843; 
and entered the United States regular army as a 
brevet second lieutenant. He was afterward pro- 
moted to captain, and served in the Mexican war 
under Generals Scott and Taylor. He participated 
in the battles of Palo x\lto, Monterey, Vera Cruz, 
and Molino del Rey. At the close of the war Grant's 
company was sent to Oregon. In 1848 he married 
Miss Julia T. Dent. In 1854 ^ e resigned his con- 
nection with the army, and settled near St. Louis. 
In 1859 h e removed to Galena, Illinois, and engaged 
in the leather trade until the breaking out of the Re- 



108 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

bellion. He then entered the Union army as Colonel, 
and distinguished himself at the battles of Fort Don- 
elson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, Richmond and others. He 
was promoted from time to time, until February, 
1864, when he received the commission of Lieutenant 
General from President Lincoln's own hand ; and con- 
tinued in the field until he received the sword w r hich 
General Robert Edward Lee surrendered. The 
Republican National Convention met at Chicago, 
May 21, 1868. On the first ballot Grant was unani- 
mously nominated for President, with Schuyler Colfax 
for Vice-President. Being duly elected, they were 
inaugurated March 4, 1869. At the Republican Na- 
tional Convention held at Philadelphia June 5, 1872, 
President Grant was renominated by acclamation. 
Henry Wilson was nominated for Vice-President. 
Being elected they took the oath of office March 4, 

1873- 



GENERAL REMARKS. 

Of the Presidents six were Vice-Presidents; six 
were Secretaries of State; nine were United States 
Senators; eleven were Representatives in Congress; 
six were born in Virginia; thirteen were farmers' 
sons; thirteen were lawyers; three died on the 4th 
of July; and eleven were graduates of colleges. 
The other seven received their education at district 
schools and by the dim light of a pine torch in some 
log cabin, which seems to have served them quite as 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. IO9 

well in the presidential chair, as that received by their 
colleagues in classic halls. 

Two, Madison and Buchanan, were elected, not- 
withstanding New York voted against them. The 
electoral vote of that state elected John Adams, Jef- 
ferson, Van Buren, Polk, Taylor, and Lincoln. By 
our present system of electing president, if Henry 
Clay had received 2,554 °f t ^ ie v °tes cast f° r Polk in 
the state of New York in 1844, ^ e wou ld have car- 
ried the state, thereby giving him a majority of 7 in 
the electoral college; and still Polk would have had 
33,073 majority on the popular vote of the United 
States. Polk was the only President ever elected 
with his own state voting against him. 



IIO THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



UNITED STATES ARMY ORGANIZATION. 



GENERAL OFFICERS. 
William Tecumseh Sherman, . . . General. 

Philip Henry Sheridan, . . Lieutenant General. 

MAJOR-GENERALS. 

Winfield S. Hancock. John M. Schofield. 

Irvin McDowell. 

BRIGADIER-GENERALS. 

Philip St. George Cooke. Alfred H. Terry. 

John Pope. E. O. C Ord. 

Oliver O. Howard. Christopher C. Augur. 

ADJUTANT-GENERAL. 
Edward D. Townsend, Brigadier Gen'l and Brev. Major Gen'l. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATE-GENERAL. 
W. McKee Dunn, .... Brigadier General. 

QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL. 
Montgomery C. Meigs, - Bri^. Gen'l and Brev. Maj. Gen'l. 

COMMISSARY GENERAL OF SUBSISTENCE. 
Robert MacFeely, .... Brigadier General. 

SURGEON-GENERAL, 
Joseph K. Barnes, Brigadier-Gen '1 and Brev. Major-General. 

PAYMASTER-GENERAL. 
Benjamin Alvord, Brigadier-Gen'l and Brev. Major-General. 

chief engineer. 
A. A. Humphreys, Brigadier-Gen'l and Brev. Major-General. 

CHIEF OF ORDNANCE. 
Stephen V. Benet, . Brigadier-General. 

CHIEF SIGNAL OFFICER. 
Albert J. Myer, • Colonel and Brevet Brigadier-General. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. Ill 

DIPLOMATIC OFFICERS OF UNITED STATES, 

IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 
Thomas O. Osborn, Minster Resident, Buenos Ayres. Salary, 

$7,500. 

AUSTRIA. 

Edward F. Beale, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary, Vienna. Salary, $12,000. 
BELGIUM. 
Ayres P. Merrill, Minister Resident, Brussels. Salary, $7,500. 

BRAZIL. 
James R. Partridge, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
potentiary, Rio de Janeiro. Salary, $12,000. 
BOLIVIA. 
Robert M. Reynolds, Minister Resident, La Paz. Salary, $7,500. 

CHILI. 
Cornelius A. Logan, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
potentiary, Santiago. Salary, $10,000. 
CHINA. 
George F. Seward, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
tentiary, Pekin. Salary, $12,000. 
COLOMBIA. 
William L. Scruggs, Minister Resident, Bogota. Salary, $7,500. 

DENMARK. 
M. J. Cramer, Minister Resident, Copenhagen. Salary, $7,500. 

ECUADOR. 
Christian Wullweber, Minister Resident, Quito. Salary, $17,500. 

FRANCE. 
Elihu B. Washburne, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
potentiary, Paris. Salary, $17,500. 



112 THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 

GEE AT BRITAIN. . 
Edwards Pierrepont, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
potentiary, London. Salary, $17,500. 
GREECE. 
J. Meredith Read, Minister Resident, Athens. Salary, $7,500. 

GUATEMALA, COSTA RICA, HONDURAS, SALVADOR, 

AND NICARAUGUA. 

Geo.Williamson, Minister Resident, Guatemala. Salary, $10,000. 

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
Henry A. Pierce, Minister Resident, Honolulu. Salary, $7,500. 

HAYTI. 

E. D. Bassett, Minister Resident and Consul General, Port au 

Prince. Salary, $7,500. 

ITALY. 
George P. Marsh, Envoy Extraodinary and Minster Plenipoten- 
tiary, Florence. Salary, $12,000. 
JAPAN. 
John A. Bingham, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
tentiary, Yeddo. Salary, $12,000. 
LIBERIA. 
J.M.Turner, Minister Resident and Consul General, Monrovia* 

Salary, $4,000. 

MEXICO. 

John W. Foster, Exvoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary, Mexico. Salary, $12,000. 

NETHERLANDS. 

F. B. Stockbridge, Minister Resident, The Hague. Salary, $7,500. 

PERU. 
Richard Gibbs, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary, Lima. Salary, $12,000. 

PORTUGAL. 
Benjamin Moran, Minister Resident, Lisbon. Salary, $7,500. 

GERMAN EMPIRE. 
J. C. Bancroft Davis, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
potentiary, Berlin. Salary, $17,500. 
RUSSIA. 
George H. Boker, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
tentiary, St. Petersburg. Salary, $17,500. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. II 3 

SPAIN. 
Caleb Cushing, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary, Madrid. Salary, $12,000. 

SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 
C. C. Andrews, Minister Resident, Stockholm. Salary, $7,500. 

SWITZERLAND. 
Horace Rublee, Minister Resident, Berne. Salary, $7,500. 

TURKEY. 
Horace Maynard, Minister Resident, Constantinople. Salary, 

$7,500. 

VENEZUELA. 

Thos. Russell, Minister Resident, Caracas. Salary, $7,500. 

URUGUAY AND PARAGUAY. 

John C. Caldwell, Minister Resident, Montivideo. Salary, 

$io,ooo. 



ii 4 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



FORTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. 



As constituted Jan. 1, 1876. 



SENATE. 



President fro tern. — Thos. W. Ferry, of Michigan. 



ALABAMA. 

George Goldthwaite 1877 

George E. Spencer 1S79 

ARKANSAS. 

Powell Clayton 1877 

Stephen W. Dorsey 1 879 

CALIFORNIA. 

Aaron A. Sargent 1879 

Newton Booth 1881 

CONNECTICUT. 

Jas. E. English 1879 

William W. Eaton 1881 

DELAWARE. 

Eli Saulsbury 1877 

Thomas F. Bayard 1881 

FLORIDA. 

Si?non B. Conover 1879 

Charles A. Jones 1881 

GEORGIA. 
Thomas M. Norwood .... 1877 
John B. Gordon 1879 

ILLINOIS. 

John A. Logan 1877 

Richard J. Ogles by 1879 

INDIANA. 

Oliver P. Morton 1879 

Joseph E. McDonald 1881 



IOWA. 

George G. Wright . 1877 

William B. Allison 1879 

KANSAS. 

James M. Harvey J 877 

John J I?igalls J 879 

KENTUCKY. 

John W. Stevenson 1877 

Thomas C. McCreery 1879 

LOUISIANA. 

J. Rodman West 1877 

Vacancy 1879 

MAINE. 

Lot M. Morrill 1877 

Hannibal Hamlin 188 1 

MARYLAND. 

George R.Dennis 1879 

William P. Whyte 1881 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

George S. Boutwell J 877 

Henry L. Dawes 1881 

MICHIGAN. 

Thomas W. Ferry 1877 

Isaac P. Christiancy 188 1 

MINNESOTA. 

William Windom 1877 

Samuel J. R. McMillan . . 1881 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



"5 



MISSISSIPPI. 

James L. Alcorn 

Branch K. Bruce 



MISSOURI. 

Louis V. Bogy 

Francis M. Cockrell 

NEBRASKA. 
Pkineas W. Hitchcock. . . . 

Algernon S. Paddock 

NEVADA. 

John P. Jones 

William Sharon 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Aaron H. Cragin 

Bainbridge Wadleigh 

NEW JERSEY. 
Frederick T. Frelingh uysen 
Theodore F. Randolph.. . 
NEW YORK. 

Roscoe Conkling 

Francis Kernan 

NORTH CAROLINA. 
Matthew W. Ransom. . . . 
Augustus S. Merrimon.. . 
OHIO. 

John Sherman 

Allen G. Thurman 



Timothy O. Howe. 



OREGON. 

•*877 James K. Kelley 1877 

. 1881 John H. Mitchell 1879 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

. 1879 Simon Cameron ^79 

.1881 William A. Wallace 1881 

RHODE ISLAND. 

. 1877 Henry B. Anthony 1877 

.1881 Ambrose E. Bumside 1881 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

. 1879 Thomas J. Robertson 1877 

.1881 John J. Patterson. ...... 1879 

TENNESSEE. 

.1877 Henry Cooper. . 1877 

. 1879 David McKendree Key. . . 1881 

TEXAS. 
1877 Morgan C. Hamilton. . .1877 

1S81 Samuel B. Maxey 18S1 

VERMONT. 

1879 Justin S. Morrill 1879 

1 88 1 George F. Edmunds 1881 

VIRGINIA. 

1877 Robert E. Withers 1881 

T879 John W. Johnston 1883 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

1879 Henry G. Davis 1877 

1881 Allen Taylor Caperton. . . 1881 

WISCONSIN. 

1879 Angus Caineron 188 1 



The full Senate consists of 74 members. Democrats (in ro- 
man), 29; Republicans (in italics), 42 ; Independents (in small 
capitals), 2; vacancy, 1. The figures indicate the year in 
which — on the 4th of March — the term of the senator expires. 



n6 



THE VOTER S HAND-BOOK. 



HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Speaker — Michael C Kerr, of Indiana. 

The whole number of Representatives is 292. Democrats (in 
roman), 169; Republicans (in italics), 109; Independents (in 

SMALL CAPITALS), 14. 



1. Jere. Haralson. 

2. Jere. N. Williams 

3. Paul Bradford. 

4. Charles Hays. 



ALABAMA. 

5. John H. Caldwell. 

6. Goldsmith W. Hewitt. 
At large — W. H. Forney. 

Burwell B. Lewis. 

ARKANSAS. 

1. Lucien C. Gause. 3. Wm. W. Wilshire. 

2. William F. Slemons. 4. Thomas M. Gunter. 

CALIFORNIA. 

3. John K. Luttrell. 

4. Peter D. Wigginton. 

CONNECTICUT. 

3. Hy H. Starkweather . 

4. Wm. H. Barnum. 
DELAWARE. 



1. Wm. A. Piper. 

2. Horace F. Page. 

1. Geo. M. Landers 

2. James Phelps. 



James Williams. 
I. William J. Ptirman. 

1. Julien Hartridge. 

2. Wm. E. Smith. 

3. Philip Cook. 

4. Henry R. Harris. 

5. Milton A. Chandler. 

1. Benoni S. Fuller. 

2. James D. Williams. 

3. Michael C Kerr. 

4. Jeptha D. New. 

5. William S. Holman. 

6. Milt on S. Robinson. 

7. Franklin Landers. 



FLORIDA. 

2. Josiah T. Walls. 

GEORGIA. 

6. James H. Blount. 

7. William H. Felton. 

8. Alex. H. Stephens. 

9. Benj. H. Hill. 

INDIANA. 

8. Morton C. Hunter. 

9. Thomas J. Cason. 

10. Wm. S. Haymond. 

11. J. L. Evans. 

12. A. H. Hamilton. 

13. John H. Baker. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



117 



i. Bernard G. Caulfield. 

2. Carter H. Harrison. 

3. Charles B. Far well. 

4. Stephen A. Hurlbut. 

5. Horatio C Bur chard. 

6. Thos. J. Henderson. 

7. Alex. Campbell. 

8. Greenbury L. Fort. 

9. Richard H. Whiting. 
ro. John C Bagby. 

1. George W. McCrary. 

2. John c^. T icfts. 

3. L. L. Ainsworth. 

4. He?iry O. Pratt. 

5. James Wilson. 

I.. William A. Phillips. 
2. John R. Goodwin. 

1. A. R. Boone. 

2. John Y. Brown. 

3. Chas. W. Milliken. 

4. J. Proctor Knott. 

5. Edward Y. Parsons. 

1. Randall L. Gibson. 

2. E. John Ellis. 

3. Chester B. Darrall. 

1. John H. Bur Ugh. 

2. William P. Frye. 

3. James G. Blaine. 

1. Philip F. Thomas. 
1. Charles B. Roberts. 
3. William J. O'Brien. 



ILLINOIS. 

11. Scott Wike. 

12. Wm. M. Springer. 

13. A. E. Stevenson. 

14. Joseph G. Cannon. 

15. John R. Eden. 

16. Wm. A. J. Sparks. 

17. Wm. R. Morrison. 

18. Wm. Hartsell. 

19. Wm. B. Anderson. 



IOW T A. 

6. 

7- 



Ezekiel S. Sampson. 
John A. K as son. 
James W. McDill. 
Addison Oliver. 



KANSAS. 

3. Wm. R. Brown. 

KENTUCKY. 

6. Thomas L. Jones. 

7. J. C. S. Blackburn. 

8. Milton J. Durham. 

9. John D. White. 
10. John B. Clarke. 

LOUISIANA. 

4. William M. Levy. 

5. Frank Morey. 

6. Charles E. Nash. 

MAINE. 

4. Harris M. Plaisted. 

5. Eugene Hale. 

MARYLAND. ; . 

4. Thomas Swann. 

5. Eli J. Henkle. 

6. William Walsh. 



n8 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

i. Wm. W. Crapo. 7. John K. Tarbox. 

2. Benj. TV. Harris. 8. Wm. W. Warren. 

3. Henry L. Pierce. 9. George F. Hoar. 

4. Rufus S. Frost, 10. Julius H. Seel ye. 

5. Nath. P. Banks. ii. Chester W. Chapin. 

6. Chas. P. Thompson. 



MICHIGAN. 



i. Alpheus S. Williams. 

2. Henry Waldron. 

3. George Willard. 

4. Alien Potter. 
z. Wm. B. Williams. 



1. Mark H. Dunnell. 

2. Horace B. Strait. 

1. L. Q^C Lamar. 

2. G. W. Wells. 

3. H. D. Money. 

1. Edward C Kehr. 

2. Erastus Wells. 

3. William H. Stone. 

4. Robert A. Hatcher. 

5. Richard P. Bland. 

6. Charles H. Morgan. 

7. John F. Phillips. 



6. George H. Durand. 

7. Omar D. Conger. 

8. Natm B. Bradley. 

9. Jay A. Hubbell. 

MINNESOTA. 

3. Wm. S. King. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

4.. O. R. Singleton. 

5. Charles E. Hooker. 

6. John E. Lynch. 

MISSOURI. 

8. Benj. J. Franklin. 
9 David Rea. 

10. R. A. DeBolt. 

11. John B. Clark, Jr. 

12. John M. Glover. 

13. Aylett H. Buckner. 

NEBRASKA. 



Lorenzo Crounse. 
Wm. Woodburn. 

1. Frank Jones. 

2. Samuel N. Bell. 



NEVADA. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

3. Henry W. Blair. 



1. ClemH H. Sinnichson. 

2. Samuel A. Dobbins. 

3. Miles Ross. 

4. Robert Hamilton. 



NEW JERSEY. 

5. Augustus W. Cutler. 

6. Frederick H. Teese. 

7. A. A. Hardenbergh. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



II 9 



1. Henry B. Metcalf. 

2. Jno. G. Schumaker. 

3. S. B. Chittenden. 

4. Arch. M. Bliss. 

5. Edwin R. Meade. 

6. Samuel S. Cox. 

7. Smith Ely, Jr. 

8. Elijah Ward. 

9. Fernando Wood. 

10. Abram S. Hewitt. 

11. Benj. J. Willis. 

12. N. Holmes Odell. 
13- J- O. Whitehouse. 

14. George M. Beebe. 

15. John H. Bagley, Jr. 

16. Charles H. Adams. 

17. Martin I. Townsend. 



NEW YORK. 

18. Andrew Williams. 

19. Wm. A. Wheeler. 

20. H. A. Hathome. 

21. Samuel F. Miller. 
22 George A. Bagley, 

23. Scott Lord. 

24. Wm. H. Baker. 

25. E. W. Leavenworth. 

26. C. D. MacDougall. 

27. Eld ridge G. Latham. 

28. Thomas C. Piatt. 

29. Chas. C B. Walker. 

30. John M. Davy. 

31. George G. Hoskins. 

32. Lyman K. Bass. 

33. Nelson I. Norton. 



1. Jesse J. Yeates. 

2. John A, Hyman. 

3. Alfred M. Waddell. 

4. Joseph J. Davis. 



NORTH CAROLINA. 

5. Alfred M. Scales. 



6. Thomas S. Ashe. 

7. William M. Robbins. 

8. Robert B. Vance. 



1. Milton Sayler. 

2. H. B. Banning. 

3. John S. Savage. 

4. John A. McMahon. 

5. Americus V. Rice. 

6. Frank H. Hurd. 

7. Lawrence T. Neal. 

8. William Lawrence. 

9. Early F. Poppleton. 
10. Charles Foster. 



OHIO. 

11. John L. Vance. 

12. Ansel T. Walling. 

13. Milton I. Southard. 

14. Jacob P. Cowen. 

15. N. H, Van Vorhes. 

16. Lorenzo Danford. 

17. L. D. Woodworth. 

1 8. James Monroe. 

19. James A. Garfield. 
20 Henry B. Payne. 



120 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



OREGON. 

Lafayette Lane. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

i. Chapman Freeman. 15. Joseph Powell. 



2. Charles O^Neill. 

3. Samuel J. Randall, 

4. William D. Kelley. 

5. John Robbins. 

6. Wash. Toivnsend. 

7. Alan. Wood, Jr. 

8. Hiester Cljmer. 

9. A. Herr Smith. 

10. William Mutchler. 

11. Frank D. Collins. 

12. W. W. Ketchum. 

13. James B. Reilly. 

14. John B. Packer. 



16. Sobieski Ross. 

17. John Reilly. 

18. William S. Stenger. 

19. Levi Marsh. 

20. L. A. Mackey. 

21. Jacob Turney. 

22. James H. Hopkins. 

23. Alex. G. Cochrane. 

24. John W. Wallace. 

25. George A. Jenks. 

26. James Sheakley. 

27. Albert G. Egbert. 



RHODE ISLAND. 



1. Benjamin T. Eames. 



2. Latimer W. Ballou. 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 



1 Joseph H. Rainey. 

2. E. W. Mackey. 

3. Solomon L. Hoge. 

1. William McFarland 

2. J. M. Thomburgh. 

3. George C. Dibrell. 

4. H. T. Riddle. 

5. John M. Bright. 



1. John H. Reagan. 

2. David B. Culberson. 

3. J. W. Throckmorton. 



4. Alex. S. Wallace. 

5. Robert Smalle. 

TENNESSEE. 

6. John F. House. 

7. W. C. Whitthorne. 

8. John D. C Atkins. 

9. W, P. Caldwell. 
10. H. Casey Young. 

TEXAS. 

4. Roger Q± Mills. 

5. John Hancock. 

6. Gustave Schleicher. 



1. Charles H. Joyce. 

2. Dudley C. Denison. 



VERMONT. 

3. George W. Hendee, 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 121 

VIRGINIA, 
i. Beverly B. Douglas. 6. John R. Tucker. 

2. John Goode, Jr. 7. John T. Harris. 

3. Gilbert C. Walker. 8. Eppa Hunton. 

4. W. H. H. Sto-vell. 9. William Terry. 

5. George C Cabell. 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

1. Benjamin Wilson. 3. Frank Hereford. 

2. Chas. G. Faulkner. 

WISCONSIN. 

1. Charles G. Williams. 5. Samuel D. Burchard. 

2. Lucien B. Caswell. 6. Alanson M. Kimball. 

3. Henry S % Magoon. 7. Jeremiah M. Rusk. 

4. William P. Lynde. 8. George W. Cate. 

TERRITORIAL DELEGATES. 
Arizona — H. S. Stevens. New Mexico — £. B. Blkins. 

Colorado — Thos. M. Patterson. Utah — Geo. Q^ Cannon. 
Dakota — J. P. Kidder. Washington — Orange Jacobs. 

Idaho — Thos. W. Bennett. Wyoming — Wm. R. Steele. 

Montana — Martin Maginnis. 



122 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE. 



STANDING COMMITTEES. 

Committee on Privileges and Elections. 
Oliver P. Morton, Ind. Samuel J. R. McMillan, Minn. 

John A. Logan, 111. Eli Saulsbury, Del. 

John H. Mitchell, Oregon. Augustus S. Merrimon, N. C. 

Bainbridge Wadleigh, N. H. Henry Cooper, Tenn. 

Angus Cameron, Wis. 

Committee on Foreign Relations. 
Simon Cameron, Penn. Roscoe Conkling, N. Y. 

Oliver P. Morton. Ind. Thomas C McCreery, Ky. 

Hannibal Hamlin, Me. Lewis V. Bogy, Mo. 

Timothy O. Howe, Wis. William W. Eaton, Conn. 

Frederick T. Frelinghuysen,N.J. 

Committee on Finance. 
John Sherman, O. George S. Boutwell, Mass. 

Justin S. Morrill, Vt. John P. Jones, Nevada. 

Thomas W. Ferry, Mich. Thomas F. Bayard, Del. 

Frederick T.Frelinghuysen,N.T- Francis Kernan, N. Y. 
John A. Logan, 111. 

Committee on Appropriations. 
Lot M. Morrill, Me. Stephen W. Dorsey, Ark. 

William Windom, Minn. Henry G. Davis, W. Va. 

J. Rodman West, La. Robert E. Withers, Va. 

Aaron A. Sargent, Cal. William A. Wallace, Penn. 

William B. Allison, la. 

Committee on Commerce. 
Roscoe Conkling, N. Y. Samuel J. R. McMillan, Minn. 

George E. Spencer, Ala. Matt. W. Ransom, N. C. 

Geo. S. Boutwell. Mass. George R. Dennis, Md. 

Angus Cameron, Wis. Joseph E. McDonald, Ind. 

Ambrose E. Burnside, R. I. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 1 23 

Committee on Manufactures. 
Thomas J. Robertson, S. C. William A. Wallace, Penn. 

Newton Booth, Cal. James E. English, Conn. 

Blanche K. Bruce, Miss. 

Committee on Agriculture. 
Frederick T. Frelinghuysen,NJ. Henry G. Davis, W. Va. 
Thomas J. Robertson, S. C. John B. Gordon, Ga. 

James M. Harvey, Kan. 

Cojnmtttee on Military Affairs. 
John A. Logan, 111. Ambrose E. Burnside, R. I. 

Simon Cameron, Penn. John B. Gordon, Ga. 

George E. Spencer, Ala. Theodore F. Randolph, N. J. 

Powell Clayton, Ark. Francis M. Cockrell, Mo. 

Bainbridge Wadleigh, N. H. 

Committee on Naval Affairs. 
Aaron H. Cragin, N. H. Simon B. Conover, Fla. 

Henry B. Anthony, R. I. Thomas M. Norwood, Ga. 

Lot M. Morrill, Me. William Pinkney Whyte, Md. 

Aaron A. Sargent, Cal. 

Committee on Judiciary. 
George F. Edmunds, Vt Timothy O. Howe, Wis. 

Roscoe Conkling, N. Y. Allen G. Thurman, O. 

Frederick T. Frelinghuysen,NJ. John W. Stevenson, Ky. 
George G. Wright, la. 

Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. 

Hannibal Hamlin, Me. Algernon S. Paddock, Neb. 

Thomas W. Ferry, Mich. Eli Saulsbury, Del. 

Stephen W. Dorsey, Ark. Samuel B. Maxey, Tex. 

John P. Jones, Nev. David M. Key, Tenn. 

Henry L. Dawes, Mass. 

Committee on Public Lands. 

Richard J. Oglesby, 111. Newton Booth, Cal. 

William Windom, Minn. James K. Kelley, Oregon. 

James M. Harvey, Kan. Joseph E. McDonald, Ind. 

Morgan C. Hamilton, Tex. Charles W.Jones, Fla. 
Algernon S. Paddock, Neb. 



124 THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 

Committee on Private Land- Claims. 
Allen G. Thurman, O. George F. Edmunds, Vt. 

Thomas F. Bayard, Del. Isaac P. Christiancy, Mich. 

Lewis V. Bogy, Mo. 

Committee on Indian Affairs. 
William B. Allison, la. Powell Clayton, Ark. 

Richard J. Oglesby, 111. Lewis V. Bogy, Mo. 

Lot M. Morrill, Me. Thomas C McCreery, Ky. 

John J. Ingalls, Kan. 

Committee on Pensions. 
John J. Ingalls, Kan. Blanche K. Bruce, Miss. 

William B. Allison, la. Joseph E. McDonald, Ind. 

Morgan C Hamilton, Tex. Robert E. Withers, Va. 

Newton Booth, Cal. 

Committee on Revolutionary Claims. 
John W. Stevenson, Ky. Justin S. Morrill, Vt. 

John W.Johnston, Va. George G. Wright, la. 

George Goldthwaite, Ala. 

Committee o?i Claims. 
George G Wright, la. Angus Cameron, Wis. 

John H. Mitchell, Oregon. Allen T. Caperton, W. Va. 

Bainbridge Wadleigh, N. H. Francis M. Cockrell, Mo. 

Isaac P. Christiancy, Mich. Charles W. Jones, Fla. 

Samuel J. R. McMillan, Minn. 

Committee on the District of Columbia. 
George E. Spencer, Ala. Thomas J. Robertson, S. C. 

Phineas W. Hitchcock, Neb. Augustus S. Merrimon, N. C 

Stephen W. Dorsey, Ark. James E. English, Conn. 

John J. Ingalls, Kan. 

Committee on Patents. 
Bainbridge Wadleigh, N. H. John W. Johnston, Va. 

William Windom, Minn. Francis Kernan, N. Y. 

Henry L. Dawes, Mass. 

Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 
Justin S. Morrill, Vt Henry Cooper, Tenn. 

Simon Cameron, Pa. William Pinkney Whyte, Md* 

Algernon S. Paddock, Neb. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 1 25 

Committee on Territories. 
Phineas W. Hitchcock, Neb. William Sharon, Nev. 

Aaron H. Cragin, N. H. Henry Cooper, Tenn. 

John J. Patterson, S. C. Samuel B. Maxey, Tex. 

Isaac P. Christiancy, Mich. 

Committee on Railroads. 
J. Rodman West, La. Henry L. Dawes, Mass. 

Phineas W. Hitchcock, Neb. Matt W. Ransom, N. C 

Aaron H. Cragin, N. H. James K. Kelley, Oregon. 

Timothy O. Howe, Wis. Allen T. Caperton, W. Va. 

Morgan C Hamilton, Tex. William W. Eaton, Conn. 

John H. Mitchell, Oregon. 

Committee on Mines and Mining. 
Aaron A. Sargent, Cal. William Sharon, Nev. 

Hannibal Hamlin, Me. George Goldthwaite, Ala. 

James L. Alcorn, Miss. Theodore F. Randolph, N.J. 

James M. Harvey, Kas. 

Com?nittee on the Revision of the Laws of the United States. 
George S* Boutwell, Mass. Allen T. Caperton, W. Va. 

James L. Alcorn, Miss. William A. Wallace, Pa. 

Isaac P. Christiancy, Mich. 

Co?n?nittee on Education a?id Labor. 
John J. Patterson, S. C. William Sharon, Nev. 

Oliver P. Morton, Ind. John B. Gordon, Ga. 

Justin S. Morrill, Vt Samuel B. Maxey, Tex. 

Ambrose E. Burnside, R. I. David M. Key, Tenn. 

Blanche K. Bruce, Miss. 

Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment. 
Powell Clayton, Ark. John J. Patterson, S. C 

George G. Wright, la. Thomas C. McCreery, Ky. 

Richard J. Oglesby, 111. Theodore F. Randolph, N. J. 

James L. Alcorn, Miss. 

Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses 
of the Senate. 
John P. Jones, Nev. George R. Dennis, Md. 

Henry L- Dawes, Mass. 

Committee on Engrossed Bills. 
Thomas F. Bayard, Del. Henry B. Anthony, R. I. 

Robert E. Withers, Va. 



126 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



SELECT COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE. 

Select Committee on Revision of the Rules. 
Thomas W. Ferry, Mich. Augustus S. Merrimon, N. C. 

Hannibal Hamlin, Me. 

Select Committee on the Levees of the Mississippi River. 
James L. Alcorn, Miss. Henry Cooper, Tenn. 

Powell Clajton, Ark. Francis M. Cockrell, Mo. 

James M. Harvey, Kas. 

Select Coiyimittee on Transportation-Routes to the Seaboard. 
William Windom, Minn. Ambrose E. Burnside, R. I. 

John Sherman, O. Thomas M. Norwood, Ga. 

J. Rodman West, La. Henry G. Davis, W. Va. 

Simon B. Conover, Fla. John W. Johnston, Va. 

John H. Mitchell, Oregon. 

To Examine the Several Branches of the Civil Service. 
George S. Boutwell, Mass. Augustus S. Merrimon, N. C. 

Roscoe Conkling, New York. William W. Eaton, Conn. 
William B. Allison, la. 



JOINT STANDING COMMITTEES ON THE PART OF 
THE SENATE. 

Joint Committee on Public Printing. 
Henry B. Anthony, R. I. Eli Saulsbury, Del. 

John Sherman, O. 

Joint Committee on Enrolled Bills. 
Simon B. Conover, Fla. James K. Kelly, Oregon. 

Thomas J. Robertson, S. C 

Joint Committee on the Library. 
Ti mothy O. Howe, Wis. Matt W. Ransom, N. C. 

George F. Edmunds, Vt 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



127 



COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE. 



STANDING COMMITTEES. 



Committee on Elections. 



John T. Harris, Va. 
Charles P. Thompson, Mass. 
Joseph C. S. Blackburn. Ky. 
George M. Beebe, N. Y. 
John F. House, Tenn. 
Rezin A. De Bolt, Mo. 



Earley F. Poppleton, O. 
George F. Hoar, Mass. 
G. Wiley Wells, Miss. 
John H. Baker, Ind. 
William R. Brown, Kas. 



Committee on Ways and Means. 



William R. Morrison, 111. 
Fernando Wood, N. Y. 
John Hancock, Tex. 
Philip F. Thomas, Md. 
Benjamin H. Hill, Ga. 
Chester W. Chapin, Mass. 



John R. Tucker, Va. 
Tames G. Btaine, Me. 
William D. Kelley, Pa. 
James A. Garfield. O. 
Horatio C. Burchard, 111. 



Committee on Appropriations. 



Samuel J. Randall, Pa. 
William S. Holman, Ind. 
Erastus Wells, Mo. 
John D. C. Atkins, Tenn. 
Robert Hamilton, N.J. 
James H. Blount, Ga. 



Otho R. Singletcm, Miss. 
William A. Wheeler, N. Y. 
Eugene Hale, Me. 
Charles Foster, O. 
Henry Waldron, Mich. 



Committee on Banki?ig and Currency. 



Samuel S. Cox, N. Y. 
Henry B. Payne, O. 
John Goode, Jr., Va. 
Randall L. Gibson, La. 
William S. Haymond, Ind. 
Samuel D. Burchard, Wis. 



Scott Wike, 111. 
Washington Townsend, Pa. 
John A. Kasson, la. 
Benjarrin T. Eames, R. I. 
Jay A. HubbelL Mich. 



128 



THE VOTER S HAND-BOOK. 



Committee on the Pacific Railroad. 
Lucius Q. C. Lamar, Miss. John F. Philips, Mo. 



John D. C. Atkins, Tenn. 
John K. Luttrell, Cal. 
Gilbert C. Walker, Va. 
William P. Lynde, Wis. 
James W. Throckmorton, Tex. 
Philip F. Thomas, Md. 

Committee on Claims. 

John F. Philips, Mo 



James A. Garfield, O. 
John A. Kasson, la. 
Thomas C Piatt, N. Y. 
Charles O'Neill, Pa. 
Henry W. Blair, N. H. 



John M. Bright, Tenn. 
Lawrence T. Neal, O. 
John Young Brown, Ky. 
William M. Robbins, N. C. 
John K. Tarbox, Mass. 
Alexander G Cochrane, Pa. 

Committee on 

John R. Eden, 111. 
Charles W. Milliken, Ky. 
William W. Warren, Mass. 
George C. Cabell, Va. 
E.John Ellis, La. 
Jeptha D. New, Ind. 

Committee on Commerce. 

Frank Hereford, W. Va. 
Elijah Ward, N. Y. 
George H. Durand, Mich. 
John H. Reagan, Tex. 
William A. Piper, Cal. 
Edward C Kehr, Mo. 

Committee on the Public Lands 



Henry O. Pratt, Ta. 
Lyman K. Bass, N. Y. 
Nathan B. Bradley, Mich. 
Thomas J. Cason, Ind. 

War -Claims. 

John H. Caldwell, Ala. 
Omar D. Conger, Mich. 
A. Herr Smith, Pa. 
James Wilson, la. 
George G. Hoskins, N. Y. 



Henry L. Pierce, Mass. 
William H. Felton, Ga. 
Morton C. Hunter, Ind, 
Sobieski Ross, Pa. 
Mark H. Dunnell, Minn. 



Milton Sayler, O. 
John R. Goodin, Kan. 
Benoni S. Fuller, Ind. 
William McFarland, Tenn. 
Ansel T. Walling, O. 
Lucien C- Gause, Ark. 



Lafayette Lane, Or. 
Henry H. Hathorn, N. Y. 
James W. McDill, la. 
Frank Morey, La. 
Lorenzo Crounse, Neb. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



129 



Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. 



John B. Clark, Jr., Mo. 
Alfred M. Waddell, N. C 
John K. Luttrell, Cal. 
Lucien L. Ainsworth, la. 
Charles C B. Walker, N. Y. 
John A. McMahon, O. 



William F. Slemons, Ark. 
Joseph G. Cannon, III. 
Samuel F. Miller, N. Y. 
William H. H. Stowell, Va. 
Alexander S. Wallace, S. C. 



Co?n?nittee on Manufactures. 



William H. Stone, Mo. 
George G. Dibrell, Tenn. 
Miles Ross, N. J. 
Jeremiah N. Williams, Ala. 
James H. Hopkins, Pa. 
Hernando D. Money, Miss. 



Samuel D. Burchard, Wis. 
Charles B. Farwell, 111. 
Latimer W. Ballou, R. I. 
Andrew Williams, N. Y. 
John A. Hyman, N. C 



Committee on Agriculture. 

John H. Caldwell, Ala. William B. Anderson, 111. 

Henry R. Harris, Ga. A. Herr Smith, Pa. 

Levi Maish, Pa. Jeremiah M. Rusk, Wis. 

Joseph J. Davis, N. C. Nelson H. Van Vorhes, O. 

David Rea, Mo. Robert Smalls, S. C 
John R. Goodin, Kas. 

Committee 011 Indian Affairs. 



Alfred M. Scales, N. C 
William W. Wilshire, Ark. 
Andrew R. Boone, Ky. 
William A. J. Sparks, 111. 
Charles E. Hooker, Miss. 
Charles H. Morgan, Mo. 

Committee on Military Affair. 



Lafayette Lane, Or. 
Julius H. Seelye, Mass. 
Horace F. Page, Cal. 
Nelson H. Van Vorhes, O. 
John Q^ Tufts, la. 



Henry B. Banning. O. 
John M. Glover, Mo. 
Alpheus S. Williams, Mich. 
William Terry, Va. 
Philip Cook, Ga. 
John Reilly, Pa. 



Augustus A. Hardenbergh, N.J. 
Clinton D. MacDougall, N. Y. 
Jacob M. Thornburgh, Tenn. 
Stephen A. Hurlbut, 111. 
Horace B. Strait, Minn. 



130 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



Committee on the Militia, 



Jacob P. Cowan, O. 
Frank Hereford, W. Va. 
Samuel N. Bell, N. H. 
Alfred M. Scales, N. C. 
Milton A. Chandler, Ga. 
William Walsh, Md. 



John K. Tarbox, Mass* 
Sobieski Ross, Pa. 
Chester B. Darrall, La. 
Lorenzo Crounse, Neb. 
William S. King, Minn. 



Committee on the District of Columbia. 



Aylett H. Buckner, Mo. 
Lawrence T. Neal, O. 
James Phelps Conn. 
George W. Cate, Wis. 
Julian Hartridge, Ga. 
Eli J. Henkle, Md. 



Committee 

J. Proctor Knott, Ky. 
Eppa Hunton, Va. 
Thomas S. Ashe, N. C 
William P. Lynde, Wis. 
Scott Lord, N. Y. 
Frank H. Hurd, O. 

Committee on 

Charles W. Milliken, Kj. 
Robert A. Hatcher, Mo. 
William Terry, Va. 
Jacob P. Cowan, O. 
George G. Dibrell, Tenn. 
James B. Reilly, Penn. 



Adlai E. Stevenson, 111. 
George W. McCrary, la. 
George Willard, Mich. 
George W. Hendee, Vt. 
William A. Phillips, Kan. 

071 the Judiciary . 

Bernard G. Caulfield, 111. 
George W. McCrary, la. 
William Lawrence, O. 
William P. Frye, Me. 
Henry H. Starkweather, Conn. 

Public Exfe7iditures. 

Alex. Campbell, 111. 
Richard H. Whiting, 111. 
Nelson I. Norton, N. Y. 
Alan Wood, Jr., Penn. 
Jere Haralson, Ala. 



Committee on Private Land-Claims. 

Thomas M. Gunter, Ark. Lucien L. Ainsworth, la. 

Aylett H. Buckner, Mo. Winthrop W. Ketchum, Penn 

Edward Y. Parsons, Ky. Charles H. Joyce, Vt. 

Joseph Powell, Penn. Joseph G. Cannon, 111. 

Milton A. Candler, Ga. Elbridge G. Lapham, N. Y. 
William M. Lew, La. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



131 



Committee on Naval Affairs. 
Washington C.Whitthorne,Tenn. John Robbins, Penn. 



Burwell B. Lewis, Ala. 
Roger Q^. Mills, Tex. 
Frank Jones, N. H. 
Benjamin A. Willis, N. Y. 
James Williams, Del. 

Committee on Foreign Affairs. 



John H. Burleigh, Me. 
Benjamin W. Harris, Mass. 
Charles Hays, Ala. 
Lorenzo Danford, O. 



William M. Springer, 111. 
William H. Forney, Ala. 
James Monroe, O. 
Charles G. Williams, Wis. 
John B. Packer, Penn. 



Thomas Swann, Md. 
Charles J. Faulkner, W. Va. 
Nathaniel P. Banks, Mass. 
William H. Barnum, Conn. 
Smith Ely, Jr., N. Y. 
Andrew H. Hamilton, Ind. 

Committee on the Territories, 

Peter D. W T igginton, Cal. 
Greenbury L. Fort, 111. 
Edmund W. M. Mackev, S. C. 



Milton I. Southard, O. 
William P. Caldwell, Tenn 
William Mutchler, Penn. 
Benjamin J. Franklin, Mo. 
Edwin R. Meade, N. Y, 
David B. Culberson, Tex. 



Chapman Freeman, Penn. 
George A. Bagley, N. Y. 
Thomas M. Patterson, Col. 



Committee on Revolutionary Pensions and War of 181 2. 

Eppa Hunton, Va. John G. Schumaker, N. Y. 

Richard P. Bland, Mo. Martin I. Townsend, N. Y. 

James Phelps, Conn. Samuel A. Dobbin, N. J. 

John B. Clarke, Ky. Thomas J. Henderson, 111. 

Frank H. Hurd, O. Andrew Williams, N. Y. 
Joseph J. Davis, N. C. 

Committee on Invalid Pe?isio?is. 



George A. Jenks, Penn. 
John C Bagby, 111. 
Benjamin Wilson, W. Va. 
Archibald M. Bliss, N. Y. 
Goldsmith W. Hewitt, Ala. 
Americus V. Rice, O. 



Jesse J. Yeates, N. C. 
Jeremiah M. Rusk, Wis. 
Clement H. Sinnickson, N.J. 
William J. Purman, Fla. 
Joseph H. Rainey, S. C. 



132 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 



Committee on Railways and Canals. 



Thomas L. Jones, Ky. 
William H. Stone, Mo. 
John S. Savage, O. 
Edwin R, Meade, N. Y. 
Gustave Schleicher, Tex. 
Levy A. Mackey, Penn. 

Committee on Mines and Mining, 



Richard P. Bland. Mo. 
Jacob Turney, Penn. 
Milton J. Durham, Ky. 
Allen Potter, Mich. 
N. Holmes Odeli, N. Y. 
Randall L. Gibson, La. 



Franklin Landers, Ind. 
John M. Davy, N. Y. 
Thomas J. Henderson, 111. 
Rufus S- Frost, Mass. 
Solomon L. Hoge, S. C. 



111. 



Alexander Campbell, 
James L. Evans, Ind. 
William Woodburn, Nev. 
Lucien B. Caswell, Wis. 
John R. Lynch, Miss. 



Committee on Education and Labor. 



Gilbert C. Walker, Va. 
Lucius G^ C. Lamar, Miss. 
Charles J. Faulkner, W. Va. 
Augustus W. Cutler, N. J. 
William S. Stenger, Penn. 
John B. Clark, Jr., Mo. 



William M. Springer, 111. 
George F. Hoar, Mass. 
Henry S. Magoon, Wis. 
John D. White, Ky. 
Charles E. Nash, La. 



Committee on Revision of the Lazvs of the United States. 



Milton J. Durham, Ky. 
Milton I. Southard, O. 
Samuel N. Bell, N. H. 
Henry B. Metcalfe, N. Y. 
Frederick H. Teese, N. J. 
Beverley B. Douglas, Va. 



William A.J. Sparks, 111. 
William W. Crapo, Mass. 
Dudley C. Denison, Vt. 
Addison Oliver, la. 
Milton S. Robinson, Ind. 



Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. 



Alexander H. Stephens, Ga. 
William J. O'Brien, Md. 
Allen Potter, Mich. 
Milton Sayler, O. 
Edward Y. Parsons, Ky. 
William M. Levy, La. 



Levi Maish, Penn. 
George Willard, Mich. 
Charles G. Williams, Wis. 
Simeon B. Chittenden, N. Y. 
Julius H. Seelye, Mass. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. I33 

Committee o?i Patents. 

Robert B. Vance, N. C. William E. Smith, Ga. 

John H. Bagley, Jr., N. Y. Omar D. Conger, Mich. 

Beverly B. Douglas, Va. Samuel A Dobbins, N.J. 

George M. Landers, Conn. Ezekiel S. Sampson, la. 

William Hartzell, 111. Solomon L. Hoge, S. C. 
John B. Clarke, Ky. 

Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, 

William S. Holman, Ind. Casey Young, Tenn. 

Erastus Wells, Mo. William B. Williams, Mich. 

Carter H. Harrison, 111. Laurin D. Woodworth, O. 

Philip Cook, Ga. Harris M. Plaisted, Me. 

Abram S. Hewitt, N. Y. Alanson M. Kimball, Wis. 
William Walsh, Md. 

Committee on Reform in the Civil Service. 

John O. Whitehouse, N. Y. Augustus W. Cutler, N.J. 

John Young Brown, Ky. Stephen A. Hurlbut, 111. 

James W. Throckmorton, Tex. Benjamin W. Harris, Mass. 

Henry B. Payne, O. Charles Foster, O. 

Francis D. Collins, Penn. Elias W. Leavenworth, N. Y. ■ 
Rezin A. DeBolt, Mo. 

Committee o?i Mileage. 
Albert G. Egbert, Penn. Lucien B. Caswell, Wis. 

Taul Bradford, Ala. Josiah T. Walls, Fla. 

N. Holmes Odell, N. Y. 

Committee on Accounts. 
James D. Williams, Ind. George G. Hoskins, N. Y. 

Charles B. Roberts, Md. Greenbury L. Fort, 111. 

Joseph Powell, Penn. 

Co7nmittee on Expenditures in the State Department. 
William M. Springer, 111. John W. Wallace, Penn. 

Charles P. Thompson, Mass. Elias W. Leavenworth, N. Y. 

William P. Caldwell, Tenn. 

Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department. 
Smith Ely, Jr., N. Y. William B. Williams, Mich. 

John M. Bright, Tenn. Harris M. Plaisted, Me, 

William Hsrtzell, 111. 



134 

Committee on Expe?iditures in the War Department. 

Hiester Clymer, Penn. Lyman K. Bass, N. Y. 

William M. Robbins, N. C. Lorenzo Danford, O. 

Joseph C. S. Blackburn, Ky. 

Committee o?i Expenditures in the Navy Department. 

George M. Beebe, N. Y. John H. Burleigh, Me. 

Roger Q^ Mills, Tex. William H. Baker, N. Y. 

James Sheakley, Penn. 

Committee 011 Expenditures in the Post- Office Department. 

William H. Stone, Mo. William H. H. Stowell, Va. 

John H. Reagan, Tex. Charles H. Adams, N. Y. 

Charles C. B. Walker, N. Y. 

Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Departments 
William Mutchler, Penn. Laurin D. Woodworth, O. 

Andrew R. Boone, Ky. John G^ Tufts, la. 

William B. Anderson, 111. 

Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Justice. 

Bernard G. Caulfield, 111. Henry H. Starkweather, Conn 

Milton A. Candler, Ga. Charles H. Joyce, Vt. 

John F. House, Tenn. 

Committee on Expenditures 011 Public Buildings* 

Henry B. Metcalfe, N. Y. Henry O. Pratt, la. 

Benjamin Wilson, W. Va. Martin I. Townsend, N. Y. 

John C. Bagby, 111. 

Committee on the Rules 

The Speaker. James G. Blaine, Me. 

Samuel J. Randall, Penn. Nathaniel P. Banks, Mass, 

Samuel S. Cox, N. Y. 

Committee 011 the Mississippi Levees. 

E. John Ellis, La. James Sheakley, Penn. 

Robert A. Hatcher, Mo. Mark H. Dunnell, Minn. 

William W. Wilshire, Ark. Richard H. Whiting, 111. 

Hernando D. Money, Miss. Frank Morey, La. 

Charles B. Roberts, Md. John W # Wallace, Penn. 
Casey Young, Tenn. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 135 

SELECT COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE. 

Select Committee on the Centennial Celebration and the Proposed 
National Census of 1875. 

James H. Hopkins, Penn. Augustus A. Hardenbergh, N.J. 

John Hancock, Tex William D. Kelley, Penn. 

William H. Barnum, Conn. James G. Blaine, Me. 

Nathaniel P. Banks, Mass. William Lawrence, O. 

Carter H. Harrison, 111. William H. Baker, N. Y. 

William J. O'Brien, Md. Joseph H. Rainey, S. C. 
Alpheus S. Williams, Mich. 

JOINT STANDING COMMITTEES ON THE PART OF 
THE HOUSE. 

Joint Committee on Printing. 
John L. Vance, O. Latimer W. Ballou, R. I. 

Otho R. Singleton, Miss. 

Joint Committee on the Library. 

Hiester Clymer, Penn. James Monroe, O. 

Alfred M. Waddell, N. C. 

Joint Committee on Enrolled Bills. 

Henry R. Harris, Ga. Chester B. Darrall, La. 

Andrew H Hamilton, Ind. 



*3 6 



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I38 THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 

GOVERNMENTS OF THE WORLD. 



United States, — Ulysses S. Grant, President. Federal Republic, 
Two Houses of Congress. 

Great Britain, — Victoria I, Queen. Limited Monarchy. Lords 
and Commons. 

France, — McMahon, President. Republic. 

Russia, — Alexander II, Czar. Absolute Monarchy. 

Austria, — Francis Joseph I, Emperor. Absolute Monarchy. 

Sweden and Norway, — Oscar II, King. Limited Monarchy, 
with Legislature. 

Denmark, — Christian IX, King. Limited Monarchy, with Pro- 
vincial States. 

Holland, — William III, King. Limited Monarchy, with Two 
Chambers. 

Belgium, — Leopold II, King. Limited Monarchy, with Two 
Chambers. 

German Empire, — William I, Emperor. Limited Monarch, with 
Two Chambers. 

Spain, — Alfonzo, King. Constitutional Monarchy. 

Portugal, — Louis Phillipe, King. Limited Monarchy, with 
One Chamber. 

Italy, — Victor Emanuel III, King. Limited Monarchy, with 
Two Chambers. 

Greece, — George I, King. Limited Monarchy. 

Turkey, — Mehemet Murad, Sultan. Absolute Monarchy. 

Monaco, — Charles III, Prince. Absolute Sovereignty. 

Switzerland, — Dr. J. Dubbs, President Federal Council. Fed- 
erate Republic. 

San Marino, — P. Belluzzi, and G. Beluzzi, Captaines Regents. 
Republic — Senate and Executive Council. 

Servia, — Milan IV, Hospodar. Hereditary Monarchy. 

Roumania, — Charles I, Hospodar. Limited Monarchy. 

Montenegro,^Nicholas I, Prince. Republican. 

Egypt,— Ishmael Pacha, Khedervi. Absolute Monarchy. 

China, — T'oung-chi, Hoang 'Ti. Absolute Monarchy. 

Muscat, — Wahabee, Imaum. Absolute Monarchy. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 1 39 

Persia — .Nassar ed Dini, Schah. Absolute Despotism. 
Japan, — Mikado. Absolute Despotism. 

Anam, (Cochin China) — Tu Due, King. Absolute Despotism. 
Siain, — Pewar Sath. Mon, King. Absolute Despotism. 
Afghanistan, — Shere AH, Shah. Absolute Despotism. 
Bokhara, — Mazar ed-di, Khan. Absolute Despotism. 
Khokan, — Khan. Absolute Monarchy. 
Yemen, — Imaum. Absolute Despotism. 
Beloochistan, — Khan. Confederate Tribes. 
Thibet, — Tale Lama. Hierarchy. 
Burmah, — Serewa, King. Absolute Despotism. 
Abyssinia, — Gabazzie, Emperor. Federate Monarchy. 
Madagascar, — Uranavola II, King. Despotic Monarchy. 
Morocco, — Siddi Mohammed, Emeer. Despotic Sovereignty. 
Brazil, — Dom Pedro II, Emperor. Hereditary Monarchy. 
Argentine Confederacy, — Dom F. Sarmiento, President. Fed- 
erate Republic. 
Uruguay, — Lorenzo Battle, President. Republic. 
Paraguay, — Ruzzolo, Provisional President. Republic. 
Bolivia, — M. Melgarejo, President. Republic. 
Chili, — J. Joaquin Perez, President. Republic. 
Costa Rica, — Bruno Corazza, Provisional President. Republic. 
Ecuador,— Jan. De Espinia, President. Republic. 
Guatemala, — Vincent Cerna, President. Republic. 
Honduras, — J. Maria de Md'a, President. Republic. 
Mexico, — Jordo de Tejada, President. 
Columbia, — Eustorgia Salgar, President. Republic. 
Nicaragua-, — Fer. Guzman, President. Republic. 
Peru, — Jose Balta, President. Republic. 
San Salvador, — Francois Duenas, President. Republic. 
Venezuela, — Guzman Blanco, President. Republic. 
Hayti, — Nissage Saget, President. Republic. 

Dominica, — Buenaventa Baez, Provisional President. Republic. 
Sandwich Islands, — (Vacant), King. Monarchy. 
Society Islands, — Pomare, Queen. Monarchy. 
Liberia, — Edward J. Roye, President. Republic. 
Dahomey, — Adahoonzou II, King. Absolute Despotism. 
Mosqueto, — Jamaso, Indian King. Monarchy. 



I4O THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 



Vice-Presidents of the United States. 



AARON BURR, 

Third Vice-President, was born at Newark, New 
Jersey, February 6, 1756. He graduated at Prince- 
ton College in 1772. He entered the army, accom- 
panied Benedict Arnold to Canada, and was made 
major. In 1777 he was made lieutenant-colonel, and 
distinguished himself at the battle of Monmouth. In 
1782 he was admitted to the bar, and in July he 
married Mrs. Revost, the widow of a British officer. 
He commenced the practice of his profession in the 
city of New York, and in 1784 was elected to the 
State Legislature. In 1789 he was appointed Attor- 
ney-General of New York, elected United States 
Senator in 179^ and served one term. In 1798 he 
was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1800 was 
chosen Vice-President of the United States. He was 
a candidate for Governor of New York in 1804, and 
was defeated. The contest led to a duel between 
Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton, July 11, 1804, 
in which the latter was killed. At the close of his 
term as Vice-President, March 4, 1805, he set out 
upon a journey through the western country. His 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. I4I 

proceedings excited alarm, and President Jefferson 
issued a proclamation against him November 27, 

1806. He was arrested in Alabama, February 19, 

1807, and 1 brought to Richmond for trial upon an 
indictment for high treason. The trial commenced 
March 27, and lasted until September 7, when he 
was acquitted, as no overt act of treason could be 
proved. In 1808 he went to Europe, returned to 
America in 181 2, and resumed the practice of law in 
New York. In his seventy-eighth year he married 
Madame Jumel, a wealthy widow, but was soon 
divorced, and died September 14, 1836. 

GEORGE CLINTON, 

Fourth Vice-President, was born in Ulster county, 
New York, July 26, 1739. He chose law as a pro- 
fession, and in 1768 was elected to the Colonial As- 
sembly. He was elected to the Continental Congress 
in 1775? an d was appointed Brigadier-General of the 
United States in 1777. The same year he was chosen 
Governor of New York, and held the office by suc- 
cessive reelection for eighteen years. In 1792 he 
received 50 electoral votes for Vice-President. In 
1801 he was again elected Governor of New York, 
and in 1804 was elected Vice-President of the United 
States, and reelected in 1808. He was acting in dis- 
charge of the duties of his office at the time of his 
death, April 20, 181 2. 



I42 THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 

ELBRIDGE GERRY, 

Fifth Vice-President, was bom at Marblehead, Mass., 
July 17, 1744. He graduated at Harvard College in 
1762, and was elected to the Legislature in 1772. In 
[776 he was elected a delegate to the Continental 
Congress, and signed the Declaration of Independ- 
ence. On the organization of the Treasury Board 
in 1780, he became presiding officer, and retired from 
Congress, but resumed his seat again in 1783. In 
1787 he was a delegate to the convention to revise 
the Articles of Confederation, and refused to sign the 
constitution proposed. In 1790 he was elected a 
Representative in Congress, and reelected in 1792. 
In 1797 he was appointed to accompany Marshall 
and Pinckney on a special mission to France. He was 
an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Massa- 
chusetts in 1798, and again in 1801, but was elected 
in 1810, and reelected in 181 1. He was elected Vice- 
President of the United States in 181 2, but died sud- 
denly at Washington, November 13, 1814. 

DANIEL D. TOMPKINS, 

Sixth Vice-President, was born at Scarndale, West- 
chester county, New York, June 21, 1774. He 
graduated at Columbia College in 1795, studied law, 
and was admitted to the bar in 1797. In 1801 he 
was elected to the New York Legislature, and also 
to the convention for revising the State Constitution. 
In 1804 he was chosen a Representative in Congress 



THE VOTER S HAND-BOOK. 1 43 

from the city of New York, and the same year was 
appointed one of the Associate Justices of the Su- 
preme Court of the State. In 1807 he was elected 
Governor of New York, which office he held by 
reflections till 1817. In 1816 he was elected Vice- 
President of the United States, and entered upon the 
duties of that office March 4, 1817, having resigned 
his office as Governor. In 1820 he was reelected 
and held the office till March 4, 1825, when he 
returned to his home on Staten Island, and died the 
nth of June. 

JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN, 

Seventh Vice-President, was born in the district of 
Abbeville, South Carolina, March 18, 1782. He 
graduated at Yale College in 1804, and attended the 
law school at Litchfield, Connecticut. In 1807 he 
was elected to the State Legislature, and in 18x1 was 
elected a Representative in Congress, which office he 
held by reflections for six years. On December 16, 
181 7, he was appointed Secretary of War by Presi- 
dent Monroe, and held the office till March, 1825. 
In 1824 he was elected Vice-President of the United 
States, was reelected in 1828, and in December, 1832, 
took his seat in the United States Senate, having 
resigned his office of Vice-President. He continued 
to be a member of that body until March 4, 1843, 
when he declined a reelection. March 6, 1844, he 
was appointed, by President Tyler, Secretary of 
State, which term expired March 4, 1845. In 1845 



144 THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 

President Polk offered him the place of Minister to 
England, but he declined to accept and was elected 
to the United States Senate, which office he held till 
his death, March 31, 1850. 

RICHARD MENTOR JOHNSON, 

Ninth Vice-President, was born near Louisville, Ken- 
tucky, October 17, 1780. He was educated at Tran- 
sylvania University, and subsequently studied law. 
In 1803 he was elected to the Kentucky Legislature, 
and in 1807 a Representative in Congress, which 
office he held by successive reelection for twelve 
years. Upon the adjournment of Congress in the 
spring of 1813 he raised a mounted regiment which 
he commanded with the rank of Colonel. He was 
engaged in the battle of the Thames, October 5, and 
it was by his hand that the Indian Chief Tecumseh 
is supposed to have fallen. In 1819 he was elected 
to fill a vacancv in the United States Senate, and held 
the office till 1829, when he was elected to the House 
of Representatives, and held the office till March 4, 
1837. Having been a candidate for Vice-President 
of the United States in 1836, he received a large 
plurality of votes, though not a majority, he was 
elected to the office by the Senate. He was defeated 
for the same office in 1840, and at the close of his 
term, March 4, 1841, he returned to his farm in Scott 
county, Kentucky. He was serving a term in the 
State Legislature at the time of his death, November 
19, 1850. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. I45 

GEORGE MIFFLIN DALLAS, 

Eleventh Vice-President, was born at Philadelphia, 
July 10, 1792. Pie graduated at Princeton College 
in 1810, studied law with his father, Alexander James 
Dallas, and was admitted to the bar in 1813. He 
soon after accompanied Albert Gallatin to St. Peters- 
burg as his private secretary. In 181 7 he was 
appointed deputy Attorney-General for Philadelphia 
county, was elected Mayor of Philadelphia in 1828, 
and the next year was appointed United States Dis- 
trict Attorney. In 1831 he was elected to fill a 
vacancy in the United States Senate, which term 
expired March 4, 1833. He then became Attorney- 
General of Pennsylvania, and held the office two 
years. In 1837 he was appointed Minister to Russia, 
and returned in 1839. In 1844 he was elected Vice- 
President of the United States, which term of office 
expired March 3, 1849. In 1856 he was appointed 
Minister to England, and was succeeded by Charles 
Francis Adams in 1861. He then retired to private 
life, and died December 31, 1864. 

WILLIAM RUFUS KING, 

Thirteenth Vice-President, was born in Sampson 
county, North Carolina, April 6, 1786. He gradua- 
ted at the University of North Carolina in 1803, and 
was admitted to the bar in 1806. The same vear he 
was elected to the Legislature, and was reelected in 
1807. In 1807 he was appointed State Solicitor for 



I46 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

the Wilmington Circuit. In 1809 he was again 
elected to the Legislature, and in 1810 was elected 
a Representative in Congress, and was twice re- 
elected. In 1816 he acted as Secretary of Legation 
to Naples under William Pinkney. In 1818 he re- 
turned home, and removed to Dallas county, Ala- 
bama. In 1819 he was elected to the convention to 
form a constitution for the new state, and was elected 
United States Senator, drawing the short term of 
four years. He was reelected in 1823, '28, '34, '40; 
and in April 1844, President Tyler appointed him 
Minister to France. In November 1846 he returned 
to America, was elected to the United States Senate 
in 1848 to fill a vacancy, and in 1849 for a full term. 
In 1850 he was elected President -pro tern, of the 
Senate, and on the accession of Vice-President Fill- 
more to the Presidency, he presided over its delib- 
erations. In 1852 he was nominated for Vice-Presi- 
dent of the United States, at the Democratic National 
Convention held at Baltimore, and elected the coming 
autumn. He went to Cuba for the benefit" of his 
health in January 1853, and by a special act of Con- 
gress, the oath of office as Vice-President was ad- 
ministered to him by the American Consul-General 
at Havana. In April he returned to his home in 
Alabama, and died the 17th of that month. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. I47 

JOHN CABELL BRECKINRIDGE, 

Fourteenth Vice-President, was born near Lexington, 
Kentucky, January 21, 1821. He was educated in 
Centre College, Danville, and studied law r at the 
Transylvania Institute. During the Mexican war 
he was elected major of the third regiment of Ken- 
tucky volunteers. At the close of the war he was 
elected to the Kentucky Legislature, and in 185 1 a 
a Representative in Congress, and reelected in 1853. 
President Pierce offered him the Ministry to Spain, 
but he declined it. In 1856 he was elected Vice- 
President of the United States, and entered upon the 
duties of that office March 4, 1857. He was the 
youngest man who ever held the office. In i860 the 
Southern democrats supported him for the Presidency, 
and he received 72 electoral votes. He was then 
elected United States Senator, and took his seat 
March 4, 1861, at the close of his term as Vice- 
President. After defending the Southern Confede- 
racy in the Senate, he entered the rebel army and 
rose to the rank of Major-General. In January, 1865, 
he was appointed Confederate Secretary of War, 
and at the close of the rebellion he went to Europe, 
whence he returned in 1868. He died in 1875. 

HANNIBAL HAMLIN, 

Fifteenth Vice-President, was born at Paris, Maine, 
August 27, 1809. He was prepared for a collegiate 
education, but on the death of his father he was 
obliged to take charge of the home farm until he 
was of age. He studied law, and was admitted to 



i 4 8 

the bar in 1833. In 1836 he was elected a member 
of the Legislature, was reelected in 1837-38-39-40, 
and was Speaker of the House in 1837-39-40. In 
1842 he was elected a Representative in Congress, 
and reelected in 1844. He was again elected to the 
State Legislature in 1847, and in 1848 was chosen to 
fill a vacancy in the United States Senate. In 185 1 
he was reelected, but resigned in 1857, having been 
elected Governor of the State of Maine the previous 
fall. On the meeting of the Legislature in 1857, he 
was again elected to the Senate, and resigned his 
gubernatorial office. In i860 he was elected Vice- 
President of the United States, and took the oath of 
office March 4, 1861. His term of office expired 
March 4, 1865, and he was appointed Collector of 
the port of Boston, but resigned in 1866. In 1869 
he was again elected to the United States Senate, 
and reelected in 1875. His present term of office 
will expire March 4, 1881. 

SCHUYLER COLFAX, 

Seventeenth Vice-President, was born in New York 
City, March 23, 1823. His father died before Schuy- 
ler was born, and in 1836 the family emigrated to 
Indiana and settled in St. Joseph county. During 
the five following years he was employed as clerk in 
a country store. After serving for two years as 
Senate reporter for the Indianapolis "State Journal," 
he established (1845) a weekly paper at South Bend, 
called the "St. Joseph Valley Register." In 1848 he 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 1 49 

was sent as a delegate to the Whig National Con- 
vention at Philadelphia, and in 1850 was a member 
of the Indiana State Constitutional Convention. In 
185 1 he was a candidate for Congress, and was de- 
feated by a small majority. In 1852 he was a dele- 
gate to the Whig National Convention at Baltimore, 
and in 1854 was elected a Representative in Congress, 
which office he held by successive reelection for four- 
teen years, and was Speaker of the House during 
the 38th, 39th, and 40th Congresses. He was nomi- 
nated for Vice-President of the United States at the 
Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1868, 
and on being duly elected, took the oath of office 
March 4, 1869. At the close of his term of office, 
March 4, 1873, he retired to his home at South Bend, 
Indiana, where he still lives. 

HENRY WILSON, 

Eighteenth Vice-President of the United States, was 
born at Farmington, New Hampshire, February 16, 
181 2. At the age of ten years he was apprenticed 
to a farmer for eleven years, and attended the district 
school during the winter seasons. He then removed 
to Natick, Massachusetts, and learned the shoe- 
maker's trade. After working at his trade two years, 
he attended the academies at Stafford, Wolfsborough 
and Concord. From 1849 to 1853, he was chairman 
of the Free-Soil State Committee of Massachusetts. 
In 1850 he was elected to the State Senate, and chosen 



I5O THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 

President of that body. In 1852 he was elected Pre- 
sident of the National Free-Soil Convention, which 
met at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and nominated John 
Parker Hale for the Presidency. The same year he 
was a candidate for Representative in Congress, but 
was beaten. In 1853 he was nominated for Governor 
of Massachusetts, but was again defeated. In 1854 
he was elected to fill a vacancy in the United States 
Senate, caused by the resignation of Edward Everett. 
He held the office by reelections until the 4th of 
March, 1873, when he took the oath of office as Vice- 
President ot the United States. He died November 
22, 1875. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 151 



SALARIES PER ANNUM. 

President, ....... $50,000 

Vice-President, . . . . . . 10,000 

Chief Justice, ...... 10,500 

Associate Justice, ..... 10,000 

Cabinet Officers, ...... 8,000 

President/;-*? tern, of Senate, . . . 10,000 

Member of Congress, . . . ... 5,000 



POPULATION OF THE GLOBE. 

Mongolian race, ..... 550,000,000 

Caucasian race, ..... 360,000.000 

Malay race, ...... 200,000,000 

Ethiopian race, ..... 190,000,000 

American Indians, ..... 1,000,000 

Total, ..... 1,201,000,000 

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

AT DECENNIAL PERIODS. 

l l9°> • • 3>9 2 9' 82 7 l8 4°, ■ • 17,069,453 
1800, 5,3°5,9 2 5 l8 5°> - 23,191,876 

1810, . . 7,239,814 i860, . . 31,443,322 

1820, . 9> 6 & l 3 l l8 7°, • 38,555,983 

1830, . . 12,866,020 



152 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

SEVEN LARGEST CITIES INTHE UNITED STATES. 





1870. 




1870. 


New York, 


942,292 


Chicago, 111., 


298,977 


Philadelphia, Pa. 


, 674,022 


Baltimore, Md., 


26 7>354 


Brooklyn, N.Y., 


396,099 . 


Boston, Mass., 


250,526 


St. Louis, Mo., 


310,864 







THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD. 

The Pyramids of Egypt. 

The Mausoleum, erected by Artemisia. 

The Temple of Diana, at Ephesus. 

The Walls and Hanging Gardens of Babylon. 

The Colossus at Rhodes. 

The Statue of Jupiter Olympus. 

The Pharos, or Watch Tower at Alexandria. 

GREAT ORATORS. 

Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts. 

Henry Clay, of Kentucky. 

John Caldwell Calhoun, of South Carolina. 

Stephen Arnold Douglas, of Illinois. 

Alexander Hamilton, of New York. 

Rufus Choate, of Massachusetts. 

Patrick Henry, of Virginia. 

GREAT INVENTORS. 

Samuel Finley Breese Morse. Eli Whitney. 

Cyrus West Field. Richard M. Hoe. 

Robert Fulton. Elias Howe. 
George Stephenson. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 153 



REMARKABLE EVENTS, DISCOVERIES AND 
INVENTIONS. 



The seven geological ages, which contained many hun- 
dred years before the creation of man : 

1. The Azoic Age. 

2. The Age of Mollusks, or Silurian Age. 

3. The Age of Fishes, or Devonian Age. 

4. The Carboniferous Age. 

5. The Reptilian Age. 

6. The Mammalian Age. 

7. The Age of Man. 

B.C. 

4004. The creation of Adam and Eve. 

2348. The old world destroyed by a deluge, which con- 
tinued 377 days. 

2247. The Tower of Babel was built about this time. 

1897. The cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed 
for their wickedness by fire from Heaven. 

1822. Memnon, an Egyptian, invented the letters. 

1635. Joseph died in Egypt > which concludes the book of 
Genesis, containing a period of 2369 years. 

157 1. Moses, brother of Aaron, born in Egypt, and 
adopted by Pharaoh's daughter. 

1491, Moses, with 600,000 Israelites crossed the Red Sea 
by land. 

1485. The first ship that appeared in Greece was brought 
from Egypt by Danaus, who arrived at Rhodes, 
and brought with him his fifty daughters. 
896. Elijah, the prophet, was translated to Heaven. 
1 1 



154 THE voter's hand-book. 

894. Money first made of gold and silver, at Argos. 

720. The first eclipse of the moon on record. 

430. The history of the Old Testament finished about 

this time. 
336. Philip, King of Macedon, murdered, and succeeded 

by his son, Alexander the Great. 
44. Julius Cassar was assassinated in the Roman 

Senate, March 15. As statesman, warrior, and 

scholar, he was one of the most remarkable 

men of any age. 
a. D. 

1. Jesus Christ is supposed to have been born in 

September, or on Monday, Dec. 25. 

29. Christ was baptized in the wilderness by John. 

33. Christ was crucified on Friday, April 3. His 

resurrection on Sabbath day, April 5. His 

ascension, Thursday, May 14. 

49. London was founded by the Romans. 

67. St. Paul and St. Peter put to death. 

400 Bells invented by Bishop Paulinus, of Nola. 

432. St. Patrick began to preach in Ireland. He died 

March 17, 493, aged 122 years. 

600. Bells first used in churches. 

664. Glass Invented in England, by Benalt. 

748. The computing of time from the birth of Christ 

began to be used in history. 

1015. Priests forbidden to marry. 

1 1 80. Glass windows began to be used in England. 

1 182. Pope Alexander III compelled the Kings of France 

and England to hold the stirrups of his saddle 

when he mounted his horse. 

1200. Surnames now began to be used ; first among the 

nobility. 



THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 1 55 

1252. Magnifying glasses invented, by Roger Bacon. 

1280. Gunpowder invented, by Roger Bacon. 

1299. Windmills invented. 

1307. William Tell shot Gesler, and thus freed Swit- 
zerland. 

1 39 1. Playing cards invented in France for the King's 
amusement. 

1404. Hats for men invented at Paris, by a Swiss. 

1430. Laurentius invented the art of printing with sep- 
arate wooden letters. Guttenburg afterwards 
invented cut metal types. 

1454. Otto Guerick invented the air-pump. 

1492. Oct. n, America was discovered by Christopher 
Columbus. 

1506. Columbus died the 20th of May. He was seventy 
years of age. His remains were carried to 
Seville ; afterwards they were removed to San 
Domingo, and in 1796 to the cathedral at Havana. 

15 1 8. Magellan discovered the straits which bear his 
name, and made the first voyage around the 
world. 

1565. Potatoes first brought to Ireland. 

1 5 7 1 . Billiards invented by Henrique Devigne, a French- 
man. 

1586. Tobacco first brought from Virginia into England. 

1607. The first settlement made at Jamestown, Virginia, 
by the English. 

1620. The Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, December 21. 

1624 Manhattan Island was bought of the Indians for $25. 

1627. The thermometer invented by Drebellius. 

1 63 1. Newspapers first published at Paris. 

1662. Pendulum clocks invented by John Fromentel, a 
Dutchman. 



156 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

1666. Sept. 2, 3, 4, the great fire at London. 
1682. Philadelphia founded by William Penn. 
1693. The first public lottery was drawn this year. 
1700. Yale College established at Saybrook, Connecticut. 

Removed to New Haven 1716. 
1746. Lima and Calloa swallowed up by an earthquake. 
1752. Benjamin Franklin discovered that lightning and 

electricity were the same. 
i754- The first battle of the French and Indian war was 

fought at a place called Great Meadows. 
I759- Sept. 13. The last battle of the French and Indian 

war was fought at Quebec. 
1765. March 22. The famous u Stamp Act" was passed 

by the English Parliament. Repealed March 
' 18, 1766. 

1775. April 19. The first battle of the Revolutionary 

War was fought at Lexington, Mass. June 17. 
The battle of Bunker Hill was fought, in which 
the brave Gen. Warren was killed. 

1776. July 4. Congress declared the American Colonies 

Free and Independent States. August 27. The 
battle of Long Island. Dec. 26. The battle of 
Trenton. 

1777. Jan. 3. The battle of Princeton. Sept. n. The 

battle of Brandy wine. Oct. 17. Lieut.-Gen. 
Burgoyne surrendered his whole army, consist- 
ing of 5,79 J men 5 to the American Generals, 
Gates and Arnold. 

1778. June 28. The battle of Monmouth. 
I 7'"9- J ur y r 5* The Dat ^ e °f Stony Point. 

1780. Aug. 16. The battle of Sanders' Creek. Oct. 2. 
Major John Andre was hanged as a spy, at 
Tappan, N. Y. 



THE VOTERS HAND-BOOK. 1 57 

1 78 1. Oct. 19. The last battle of the Revolutionary War 

was fought at Yorktown, Va. 
1783. Sept. 3. Ratification of the treaty of peace between 

Great Britain and the United States of America. 
1792. The cotton-gin invented, by Eli Whitney. 
1799. A great revolution took place in the government 

of the French Republic, and Napoleon Bona- 
parte made First Consul. 
1803. The United States purchased Louisiana of France 

for $15,000,000. 
1S07. Sept. 4. The first steamboat applied to practical 

use. It was the invention of Robert Fulton, an 

American. 
1813. Sept. 10. Perry's victory on Lake Erie. 
1815. Jan. 8. The battle of New Orleans. 
1820. The "Missouri Compromise" enacted by Congress. 

1824. Marie Paul Jean Roche Yves Gilbert Motier 

La Fayette arrived in America, and remained 
over a year as the guest of the people. 

1825. The first railroad in the world was built from 

Stockton to Darlington. The locomotive was 
the invention of George Stephenson, an Eng- 
lishman. 

1844. The m ' st telegraph line was built from Baltimore 
to Washington. It was the invention of Samuel 
Finley Breese Morse. 

1846. May 8. The battle of Palo Alto. Sept. 24. Siege 
and surrender of Monterey. 

T847. The great famine in Ireland, being caused by a 
failure of the potato crop. Feb. 23. The battle 
of Buena Vista. Sept. 14. The City of Mexico 
taken bv the Americans. 



I58 THE VOTER'S HAND-BOOK. 

1850. The ''Fugitive Slave Law" passed by Congress. 
1852. June 29. Henry Clay died. Oct. 24. Daniel Web- 
ster died. 
1854. The "Kansas-Nebraska Act" passed by Congress. 
1859. Dec. 2. John Brown was hanged. 

1861. April 12. The first battle of the Rebellion was 

fought at Fort Sumter, S. C. July 21. The 
first battle of Bull Run. 

1862. Greenbacks were first issued. April 6. The battle 

of Shiloh. May 31. The battle of Fair Oaks. 
Aug. 29. The second battle of Bull Run. 

1863. July 1, 2, 3. Battle of Gettysburg. July 4. Siege 

and surrender of Vicksburg. 

1864. May 5, 6. Battle of the Wilderness. Oct. 19. The 

battle of Cedar Creek. 

1865. April 2. The last battle of the Rebellion was fought 

at Petersburg, Va. 

1866. The Atlantic Cable was laid under the superin- 

tendence of Cyrus West Field. 

1867. March 2. The "Tenure of Office Bill" passed by 

Congress. The United States purchased Alaska 
Territory for $7,200,000 in gold. 

187 1. Oct. 9, 10. The great Chicago fire. 

1872. Nov. 29. Horace Greeley died. 

1873. May 8. Oakes Ames died. 

1874. March 11. Charles Sumner died. 



INDEX 



INDEX. 



[State Governments, Governments of the World, Forty-Fourth Congress 
and Committees, not indexed.] 

A 

PAGE. 

Aaron, - . 153 

Adam, 153 

Adams, Charles Francis, .••... 55, 80, 145 
Adams, John .... 15, 17, 52, 53, 57, 58, 75, 76, 85 
Adams, John Quincy, . . . . ' . 60,61,78,90 

Adams, Samuel, 15, 21, 75 

Akerman, A. T., . 70 

Alexander the Great, 154 

Alvord, Benjamin, no 

Andre, Major John, 156 

Andrews, C. C-, 112 

Appleton, Jane M., 100 

Armstrong, James, 75 

Armstrong, John, 60 

Arnold, Benedict, . . . . . . . 140, 156 

Atchison, David R., 65, 66 

Augur, Christopher C, no 

B 

Bacon, Roger, 155 

Badger, George E., 64 

Baldwin, Abraham, ......... 41 

Ball, Mary, 83 

Bancroft, George, 65 

Banks, Nathaniel P., 74, 118, 131, 135 

Barbour, James, 61 

Barbour, Philip P., . 73 

Barnes, Joseph K., . . .110 



l62 INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Bedford, Gunning, ........ 41 

Belknap, William W., . . . . . . . 70 

Bell, John, 64, 74, 8- 

Benalt, 154 

Benet, Stephen V., no 

Berrier, John M., 62 

Bibb, George M., 64 

Bingham, John A., 106, 112 

Birney, James G., 80 

Black, Jeremiah S., . . . . . . . -67 

Blaine, James Gillespie, .... 74, 117, 127, 134, 135 

Blair, Francis Preston, 82 

Blair, John, 41 

Blair, Montgomery, 69 

Blount, William, . 41 

Boker, George H., 112 

Booth, John Wilkes, 105 

Borie, Adolph E., . . 70 

Boutwell, George S., . . . 69, 106, 114, 122, 125, 126 

Boyd, Linn, .......... 74 

Bradford, William, 57 

Bradley, Joseph P., . -49 

Branch, John, ......... 62 

Braxton, Carter 15 

Brearly, David 41 

Breckinridge, John, .--... 59 

Breckinridge, John Cabell, . . . . . 67, 81, 101, 147 

Bright, Jesse D., 66 

Bristow, Benjamin H., 69 

Broom, Jacob, 41 

Brown, Aaron V., ........ 68 

Brown, Benjamin Gratz, . 82 

Brown, John, ......... 158 

Browning, Orville H., .68 

Buchanan, James, .... 49, 65, 67, 81, 100, 101, 109 

Burgoyne, Gen., , 156 

Burr, Aaron, 58, 75, 76, 140 

Burt, Armistead, . • -74 



INDEX. 163 

PAGE. 

Barry, William T., 62 

Bartiett, Josiah, 15 

Bassett, E. D., 112 

Bassett, Richard, 41 

Bates, Edward, 69, 103 

Beale, Edward F., in 

Butler, Benjamin Franklin, N. Y., 62, 63 

Butler, Benjamin Franklin, Mass., ic6 

Butler, Pierce, ......... 41 

Butler, William Orlando, .80 



c 

Caesar, Julius, 154 

Caldwell, John C, 113 

Calhoun, John Caldwell, . . 60, 61, 64, 78, 79, 97, 143, 153 

Callamer, Jacob, .66 

Cameron, J. Donald, ........ 70 

Cameron, Simon, .... 68, 103, 115, 122, 123, 124 

Campbell, George W., ....... 59 

Campbell, James, -67 

Carroll,-. Charles, 15, 21 

Carroll, Daniel, 41 

Cass, Lewis, ..... 62, 67, 80, 97. 100, 101 

Chandler, Zachariah, ....... 70 

Chase, J. T., 54 

Chase, Salmon Portland, 55, 68, 103, 107 

Chase, Samuel, 15 

Cheves, Langdon, . . 73 

Choate, Rufus, . 152 

Christian, Lucretia, 96 

Clay, Henry, . . .61, 73, 78, 79, 80, 95, 98, 109, 152, 158 

Clayton, John M., 65, 98 

Clark, Abraham. 15 

Clifford, Nathan, -' . 49, 65 

Clinton, DeWitt, 77 

Clinton, George 58, 59, 75, 76, 77, 141 

Clymer, George, 15, 20, 41 



164 INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Cobb 7 Howell, . . . . . . . . 67,74 

Colfax, Schuyler, 69, 74, 82. 108, 148 

Columbus, Christopher, 155 

Conrad, Charles M., 66 

Corwin, Thomas, . . . . . . . . 65 

Cook, Philip St. George, no 

Cox, Jacob D., . . . 70 

Cramer, M.J. , . . . . . . . in 

Crawford, George W., 66 

Crawford, William Harris, . . . . . .59,60,78 

Creswell, John A. J , . . . .\ ■ '. . . . 70 

Crittenden, John J., . . . . . . . 64, 66 

Crowninshield, Benjamin W., ...... 60 

Cushing, Caleb, 67, 113 

Curtis, Benjamin R., ........ 106 

Curtis, Martha, 83 

D 

Dallas, Alexander James, . . . . . 59, 145 

Dallas, George Mifflin, . . . . . 64, So, 97, 145 

Dana, Francis, . ....... 90 

Danaus, .......... 153 

Davis, David, . . . . . . . . 94, 82 

Davis, J. C. Bancroft, . . . . . . .112 

Davis, Jefferson, ........ 66 

Davis, John W., . . . . . . . 74 

Dayton, Jonathan, . . . . . . . 41, 73 

Dayton, William L., . . . . . .81, 103 

Dearborn, Henry, . . . . . . . 59 

Delano, Columbus, ........ 70 

Dennison, William, ....... 69 

Dent, George, ......... 73 

Dent, Julia T., 107 

Devigne, Henrique, . . . .. . . 155 

Dexter, Samuel, ....... 58, 59 

Dickinson, John, ........ 19 

Dickinson, Mahlon, . . . . . . . 62, 63 



INDEX. 165 

PAGE. 

Dickinson, Mr., ....... 10 

Dix, John Adams, ...... -67 

Dobbin, James C, ....... 67 

Donaldson, Andrew Jackson, . . . . . .81 

Douglas, Stephen Arnold, . . . 81, 100, 101, 152 

Drebellius, . . . . . . . . . • i^5 

Duane, William J., ....... 62 

Dunn, W. McKee, .110 

E 

Eaton, John H., ........ 62 

Elijah, 153 

Ellery, William, 15 

Ellmaker, Amos, ........ 79 

Ellsworth, Oliver, . . . . . . 52, 75 

Eustis, William, . . . . . . . . • 60 

Evarts, William Maxwell, ...... 69, 106 

Eve, 153 

Everett, Edward, . . . . . . 65, 81, 150 

Ewing, Thomas, ...... . 64, 66 

F 

Ferry, Thomas W., .... 69, 114, 122, 123, 126 

Fessenden, William Pitt, 68 

Few, William, ........ 41 

Field, Cyrus West, 152, 158 

Field, Stephen J., ....... 49 

Fillmore, Millard, .... 65, 80, 81, 98, 99, 146 

Fish, Hamilton, . . . . . . . .69 

Fitzsimons, Thomas, . . . . . . . 41 

Floyd, John, ......... 79 

Flovd, John B., 67 

Floyd, William, 15 

Forsyth, John, . . . . . . . . 62, 63 

Foster, Lafayette S., ....... 60 

Foster, John W., ....... U2 



1 66 INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Forward, Walter, ... ..... 64 

Franklin, Benjamin, . 15, 17, 21, 41, 87, 156 

Frelinghuysen, Theodore, ...... 80 

Fremont, John Charles, ..... 81 

Fromental, John, . . . . . . irr 

Fulton, Robert, . . . . . . 152, 157 



Gaillard, John, ........ 59 

Gallatin, Albert, ...... 59, 145 

Gardiner, Julia, ........ 96 

Gates, Gen. ........ 156 

Gerry, Elbridge, 15, 59, 77, 142 

Gesler, ......... 155 

Gibbs, Richard, . . . . . . . .112 

Gilman, Nicholas, ....... 41 

Gilmer, Thomas W., ....... 64 

Gilpin, Henry D., ........ 63 

Gorham, Nathaniel, ....... 41 

Graham, William A., ...... 66, 81 

Granger, Francis, ....... 64, 69 

Granger, Gideon, . . . . . . . 59, 60 

Grant, Ulysses Simpson, ... 49, 56, 69, 82, 107, 138 
Greeley, Horace, ....... 82, 158 

Griswold, Roger, . . . . . . . 58 

Grosebeck, William S., ...... 106 

Grow, Galusha A., . . . . . . . 74 

Grundy, Felix, • . 63 

Guerick, Otto, 155 

Guthrie, James, ........ 66 

Guttenburg, ........ 155 

Gwinnett, Button, ........ 15 



INDEX. 167 

H 

PAGE. 

Habersham, Jacob, . . . . . 57, 58, 59 

Hale, John Parker, 81, 150 

Hall, Lyman, ........ 15 

Hall, Nathan K., 66 

Hamlin, Hannibal, . 68, 81, 103, 114, 122, 123, 125, 126, 147 

Hamilton, Alexander, .... 41, 57, 140, 152 

Hamilton, Paul, ........ 60 

Hancock, John, . . . . . . . 15, 75 

Hancock, Winfield S., . . . . . .110 

Harlan, James, ........ 68 

Harper, Robert G., 77, 78 

Harrison, Benjamin, ...... 15, 21 

Harrison, R. H., . . . . . . . -75 

Harrison, William Henry, . . . 21, 63, 79, 80, 94, 96 

Hart, John, ......... 15 

Hayes, Rutherford Birchard, ..... 136 

Hayward, Thomas, ........ 15 

Hendricks, Thomas A.. ...... 82, 136 

Henry, John, ........ 76 

Henry, Patrick, . . . . . . . 87, 152 

Henshaw, David, ........ 64 

Hewes, Joseph, ......... 15 

Hoar, Ebenezer Rockwood, ...... 70 

Hoe, Richard M., ....... 152 

Hoes, Hannah, ........ 93 

Holt, Joseph, . . . . . . . . 67, 68 

Hooper, William, ... . . . . . -15 

Hopkins, George W., ....... 74 

Hopkins, Stephen, ....... 15 

Hopkinson, Francis, ....... 15 

Howard, John E., ....... 77 

Howard, Oliver O., . . . . . . .110 

Howe, Elias, . . , . . . . . . r c2 

Hubbard, Henry, ........ 74 

Hubbard, Samuel D., ....... 66 



1 68 INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Humphreys, A. A., . . . . . . no 

Humphreys, Mr. . . . . . . . .119 

Hunt, Ward, ... .. . . . . 49 

Hunter, Robert M. T., 74 

Huntington, Samuel, . . . . . x 5i 75 



Ingersoll, Jared, . . . . . . . 41, 47 

Ingham, Samuel D., . . . . . . 62 

Iredell, James, ........ 76 

Israelites, ........ 153 



J 

Jackson, Andrew, .... 54, 61, 78, 79, 91, 93 

Jackson, William, ........ 41 

Jay, John, 50, 75, 76 

Jefferson, Thomas, . 15, 16, 57, 58, 75, 76, 86, 88, 89, 109, 141 
Jenifer, Daniel of St. Thomas, ..... 41 

Jenkins, Charles J., ........ 82 

Jewell, Marshall, ........ 70 

John, 154 

Johnson, Andrew, ...... 68, 82, 105 

Johnson, Cave, ........ 65 

Johnson, Herschel V., ...... 81 

Johnson, Louisa Catherine, ...... 91 

Johnson, Reverdy, ........ 66 

Johnson, Richard Mentor, ... 63, 79, 80, 97, 144 

Johnson, William Samuel, . . . . . . 41 

Johnston, S., ......... 76 

Jones, John W., ........ 74 

Jones, William, . . . • • ... .60 

Joseph, ......•••• I 53 

Julian, George W., ........ 81 

Jumel, Madame, • H 1 



INDEX. 169 

K 

PAGE. 

Kendall, Amos, ....... 62, 63 

Kennedy. John P., ....... 66 

Kerr, Michael C, . . . . . . . 74, 116 

King, Rufus, . . . . . . . 41, 76, 77 

King, William Rufus, . . . .65, 66, 81, 100, 145 

Kissam, Benjamin, ....... 50 

Knox, Henry, ......... 57 

Kortright, L., 89 



La Fayette, Marie Paul Jean Roche Yves Gilbert Motier, . 157 
Lane, Joseph, ........ 81 

Langdon, John, ....... 41, 77 

Laurentius, ......... 155 

Lee, Charles, . . . . . . . . 57, 58 

Lee, Frances Lightfoot, ....... 15 

Lee, Henry, ......... 79 

Lee, Richard Henry, ....... 15 

Lee, Robert Edward, ....... 108 

Legare, Hugh S., ....... . 64 

Lemoyne, Francis J., ....... 80 

Lewis, Francis, ........ 15 

Lincoln, Abraham, . . . 49, 68, 81, 82, 102, 106, 108, 106 

Lincoln, Benjamin, ....... 75 

Lincoln, Levi, ......... 59 

Livingston, Edward, ....... 62 

Livingston, Philip, ........ 15 

Livingston, Robert R., ....... 17 

Livingston, William, ....... 41 

Logan, Cornelius A., . . . . . . . 111 

Logan, John A., ..... 106, 114, 122, 123 

Lynch, Thomas, ........ 15 



170 



INDEX. 



M 



MacFeeley, Robert, 
Macon, Nathaniel, 
Madison, James, 
Magellan, .... 
Mangum, Willie P., 
Marcy, William L., 
Marsh, George P., . 
Marshall, John, 
Mason, John Y., 
Maynard, Horace, 
McCardle, Eliza, 
McClellan, George Brinton, 
McClelland, Robert, 
McCuIloch, Hugh, . 
McDowell, Irving, 
McHenry, James, 
M'Kean, Thomas, 
McLane, Louis, 
McLean, John, 
Meigs, Montgomery C, 
Meigs, Return J., . 
Memnon, .... 
Meredith, William M., . 
Merrill, Ayers P., 
Middleton, Arthur, 
Middleton, David Wesley, 
Mifflin, Thomas, . 
Miller, Samuel F., 
Milton, John, 
Monroe, James, 
Moran, Benjamin, 
Morrill, Lot M., . 

Morris, Governour, 
Morris, Levi, 
Morris, Robert, 



65. 

52, 58 



4*> 



PAGE. 
I IO 

73,78 

4 T > 58, 59. 77> 88 > 90> 109 

• 155 

63. 79 
66, 100 

IT2 

77, 142 

64, 65 

• *I3 

105 

. 82 

67 

. 68 

no 

57, 58 

15 

. 62 

61, 98, 103 

no 

60, 61 

• 153 
65 

in 

15 

• 49 
41 

• 49 
75 

1 9 2 > *43 

112 

122, 124 

4i 

• 15 
i5> i9> 4i 



59. 6o > 77' 
6 9 



114, 



INDEX. 171 

PAGE. 

Morse, Samuel Finley Breese, ..... 152, 157 

Morton, John, ........ 15 

Moses, 153 

Muhlenburg, Frederick A., 73 

Myer, Albert J., no 

N 

Napoleon Bonaparte, ....... 157 

Nelson, John, ........ 64 

Nelson, Thomas A. R., 106 

Nelson, Thomas, ........ 15 

Nicolay, John G., ........ 49 

Niles, John M., 63 

o 

Ord, E. O. C, no 

Orr, James L., ......... 74 

Osborn, Thomas O., . . . . . . . in 

Osgood, Samuel, ........ 57 

Otto, William T., . 49 

P 

Paca, William, ........ 15 

Paine, Robert Treat, 15 

Parsons, Theophilus, ....... 90 

Partridge, James B., . . . . . . . in 

Patterson, William, ....... 41 

Paulding, James, ....... 63 

Paulinus, Bishop, ........ 154 

Pendleton, George H., . . . . . . .82 

Penn, John, ......... 15 

Penn, William, . ' . . . . . . 156 

Pennington, William, ....... 74 

Perry, Commodore, ....... 157 



I7 2 INDEX. 



PAGE. 



Pharaoh, ......... ir-> 

Philip, King of Macedon, j^ 

Pickering, Timothy, . . . . . • 57? 58 

Pierce, Franklin, . . ... . 66, 81, 99, 101, 147 

Pierce, Henry A., . . . . . . II2 

Pierrepont, Edwards, •-.... 70, 101 

Pinckney, Charles, ....... 41 

Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, . . .41, 76, 77, 142 

Pinckney, Thomas, ....... 75 

Pinkney, William, . . . . . . .60, 146 

Poinsett, Joel R., . . . . ... 63 

Polk, James Knox, . . . .64, 74, 80, 96, 109, 144 

Pope, John, . . . no 

Porter, James M., ..... . . 64 

Porter, Peter D., ........ 61 

Powers, Abigail, ........ 99 

Preston, William B., ....... 66 



R 

Randall, Alexander W., ...... 69 

Randolph, Edmund, . . , . . . . -57 

Rawlins, John A., ....... 70 

Read, George, i5> 4 1 

Read, J. Meredith, . . . . . . .112 

Revost, Mrs., ........ 140 

Reynolds, Robert M., . . . . . . . . 111 

Richardson, William A., 69 

Robarts, Rachel, . . . . . . .92 

Robeson, George M., ....... 70 

Rodney, Caesar, ........ 15 

Rodney, Caesar A., . . . . . . 59, 60 

Rodney, Daniel, 78 

Ross, George, . . . . . . ... 15, 20 

Ross, James, ...... . . 77 

Rublee, Horace, . . . . . • • • 113 

Rush, Benjamin, . . . . . . 15, 20 



INDEX. 173 

PAGE. 

Rush, Richard, ...... 41, 60, 78, 79 

Russell, Thomas, ....... 113 

Rutledge, Edward, 15, 18 

Rutledge, John, 41, 51, 75 



Sanford, Nathan, 78 

Schofield, John M., 68,70,110 

Scott, Winfield, '. . 81,95,98,107 

Scruggs, William L., . . . . . . . . in 

Sedgwick, Theodore, 73 

Sergeant, John, ......... 79 

Seward, George F., in 

Seward, William Henry, 68, 103 

Seymour, Horatio, ......... 82 

Shelby, Isaac, ......... 60 

Sheridan, Philip Henry, . .110 

Sherman, Roger, 15, 17, 41 

Sherman, William Tecumseh, no 

Skelton* Martha, 86 

Smith, Abigail, 85 

Smith, Caleb B., 68 

Smith, James, 15, 20 

Smith, Robert, ......... 59 

Smith, Rev. William, 85 

Smith, William, 79 

Southard, Samuel L., 60, 61, 63 

Spaight, Richard Dobbs, . 41 

Speed, James, 69 

Spencer, John C-, ........ 64 

Stanbery, Henry, ........ 69, 106 

Stanton, Edwin McMasters, ...... 67, 6S 

Stephenson, George, 152, 157 

Stevens, Thaddeus, . 106 

Stevenson, Andrew, 73 



174 INDEX. 

PA(?E. 

Stockton, Richard, . . . . . . . 15, 78 

Stockbridge, F. B, . . . 112 

Stoddart, Benjamin, 58, 59 

Stone, Thomas, 15 

St. Patrick, . . . 154 

St Paul, 154 

St. Peter, 154 

Strong, William, . . . . . . . 49 

Stuart, Alexander H. H., 66 

Swayne, Noah H., . . . . . . . -49 

Sjmmes, Judge, . . . . . ... . 94 



Taft, Alphonso, ......... 70 

Taney, Roger Brooke, 54, 62 

Taylor, George, . . . . . . . . 15, 20 

Taylor, John W., 73 

Taylor, Zachary, .... 65, 80, 98, 99, 107, 109, 146 

Tazewell, Littleton W., 62, 80 

Tecumseh, Indian Chief, ....... 144 

Telfair, Edward, 75 

Tell, William, 155 

Terry, Alfred H., . . no 

Thomas, Philip F., . . 67, 117, 127 

Thompson, Jacob, . . 67 

Thompson, Smith, ......... 60 

Thornton, Matthew, . 15,20 

Todd, Dolly Paine, 88 

Todd, Mary, 102 

Tompkins, Daniel D., 60, 77, 78, 142 

Toucey, Isaac, . • • 65, 67 

Townsend, Edward D., .110 

Trumbull, Jonathan, 73 

Turner, J. M., 112 

Tyler, John, 63, 79, 80, 95, 143 



INDEX. I75 

U 

PAGE. 

Upsher, Abel P., 64 

Upsher, John P., 68 



Van Buren, Martin, . . 55, 61, 52, 63, 78, 79, 80, 93, 97, 109 
Varnum, Joseph B., . . 49, 55 



w 

Wade, Benjamin Franklin, 68 

Waite, Morrison R., 49, 55 

Walker, Robert J., 65 

Walton, George, .15 

Warren, Gen., 156 

Washburne, Elihu B., ...... 69, in 

Washington, Augustine, 83 

Washington, George, . . 41, 51, 52, 53, 57, 75, 76, 83, 87, 91 
Webster, Daniel, . . . .64, 05, 79, 87, 98, 152, 158 

Welles, Gideon, 68 

Wells, Samuel A., 16 

Wheeler, William A., 119, 127 

Whipple, William, 15 

White, Hugh L., 62, 79 

White, John, ......... 74 

Whitney, Eli, 152, 157 

Wickliffe, Charles A., 64 

Wilkins, William, ........ 64, 79 

Williams, George H., 70 

Williams, Thomas, ........ 106 

Williams, William, ......... 15 

Williamson, George, . . . . . . . . 112 

Williamson, H., ......... 41 



176 INDEX. 

TAGE. 

Willing, Mr., 19 

Wilson, Henry, . . . . . . . 69, 82, 149, 108 

Wilson, James, ........ 51, 41 

Wilson, James F., 106 

Winthrop, Robert C, 74 

Wirt, William, 61, 79 

Witherspoon, John, ........ 15 

Wolcott, Oliver, . . . . . . . 15, 57, 58 

Woodbury, Levi, 62, 63 

Wullweber, Christian, . . . . . . . in 

Wythe, George, . • *5 



ERRATA. 



Page 15. For " Caesar Rodue," read " Caesar 
Rodney." 

Page 59. For "John Breckenridge," read "John 
Breckinridge." 

Page 67. For "John Cabell Breckenridge," read 
"John Cabell Breckinridge." 

Page 88, For "Virginia Assembly in 1777," read 
"Virginia Assembly in 1797." 

Page 101. For "April, 1791," read "April 22, 
1791." 

Page 151. For "1,201,000,000," read "1,301,- 
000,000." 

Page 168. For "41,47," read "41." 



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